On Tuesday 18 Feb 2014 15:22:58 Ruud Harmsen wrote:
> That's not what I read/learnt. As I understood it, the perfect
> tense in English denotes action in the past, that continues until
> or into the present, actually in the present or in its
> consequences. So the perfect tense expresses the IMperfect
> aspect. The perfect aspect (finite, closed, brought to a end,
> done at a definite times, last week, yesterday, whatever) is
> expressed by the simple past (played).

Isto me pare esser utile:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_tense

> "I have played yesterday" is ungrammatical in English, isn't it?
> The presence of the time clause makes the simple past mandatory.
> In Dutch "ik heb gisteren gespeeld" is perfectly normal, which
> may explain why this is so difficult for me.

Correcte. Mais on pote dicer "I have played before now" o "I had played before yesterday".
Le importante es que le action es complete al momento que on describe.  Il ha
exceptiones in anglese: "I have lived here for 20 years". On suppone que illo continua a
habitar la. Io crede que isto es proque le emphase es super le 20 annos, que es complete
e passate.

Paul


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