* Today in Black History - October 15 *
1877 - Jackson College in Jackson, Mississippi is established.
1883 - The U.S. Supreme Court declares that The Civil Rights Act
of 1875 is unconstitutional. The Civil Rights Act of
1875 stated that "All persons within the jurisdiction of
the United States shall be entitled to the full and
equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages,
facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances
on land or water, theaters, and other places of public
amusement; subject only to the conditions and
limitations established by law and applicable alike to
citizens of every race and color, regardless of any
previous condition of servitude."
1890 - Savannah State College in Savannah, Georgia is established.
1890 - The Alabama Penny Savings Bank is founded in Birmingham,
Alabama by Reverend William Reuben Pettiford with $2,000
in capital. Although, so strapped for funds in its initial
months that its officers will not draw salaries, the bank
will prosper so well that during the panic of 1893, it will
remain open when larger, white banks in Birmingham fail.
1917 - The first significant group of African American officers
is commissioned by the U.S. Army.
1935 - Willie Eldon O'Ree is born in Fredericton, New Brunswick,
Canada. He will become a professional ice hockey player,
known best for being the first black player in the National
Hockey League. He will play as a winger for the Boston
Bruins. He will be referred to as the "Jackie Robinson of
ice hockey" due to breaking the black color barrier in the
sport. He will state publicly that he had met Jackie
Robinson twice in his own younger years. He will be inducted
into the Hockey Hall of Fame in November 2018. Also in 2018,
the NHL will institute the annual Willie O’Ree Community
Hero Award in his honor, to “recognize the individual who
has worked to make a positive impact on his or her community,
culture or society to make people better through hockey.”
1938 - Marv Earl Johnson is born in Detroit, Michigan. He will become
a Rhythm & Blues and soul singer, notable for performing on
the first record issued by Tamla Records, which later will
become Motown. He will begin his career singing with a doo-wop
group, the Serenaders, in the mid-1950s. With budding talents
not only as a singer but also as a songwriter and pianist, he
will be discovered by Berry Gordy while he performs at a
carnival. Gordy had already decided to form his first record
label, Tamla, and Johnson's recording of their song "Come to
Me" will be the label's first single, released in May 1959.
The fledgling label did not have national distribution, so the
song will be released by United Artists. It will reach number
30 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. He will go on to co-write
another four songs with Gordy. After he issues the first
release for the Tamla (Motown) label, he will be signed by
United Artists. He will release three albums and several
singles for UA but will continue to record in Motown’s
homegrown studios at Hitsville USA. His songs "Happy Days" and
"Merry-Go-Round" (both written by Berry Gordy) will be his
last chart successes for the United Artists label. Although
they did not reach the US Top 40, they will perform well on
the R&B charts, peaking at number 7 and number 26,
respectively, in 1961. Further significant chart action will
prove elusive, and his contract with United Artists will be
eventually dropped. He will then re-sign with Motown in 1964,
writing and producing as well as recording. "Why Do You Want
to Let Me Go" will be his first Motown single after he
rejoins the company, released by Motown's Gordy subsidiary in
May 1965. His final US chart appearance will be "I Miss You
Baby (How I Miss You)", which will be a minor hit, reaching
number 39 on the R&B chart in April 1966. His next release,
"I'll Pick a Rose for My Rose", issued in 1968, will fail to
chart; it was his last American single. He will join the
ancestors on May 16, 1993.
1949 - William Hastie is nominated for the U.S. Circuit Court
of Appeals. He will be the first African American to
sit on the court.
1953 - Toriano Adaryll Jackson is born in Gary, Indiana. He
will better known as Tito and will become a singer and
guitarist and original member of The Jackson 5 and The
Jacksons, who will rise to fame in the late 1960s with
the Motown label, later finding success under the Epic
label in the 1970s and 1980s. He will begin a solo
career in 2003 performing as a blues musician in various
clubs with his band, which will include producer and
guitarist Angelo Earl and a management team that
includes Ed Tate. In 2007, in the United Kingdom, he will
appear as a judge on the BBC celebrity singing
competition "Just the Two of Us" for series two of the
show. He will replace singer Lulu, a judge on series one.
His co-judges will be vocal coach CeCe Sammy, musician
Stewart Copeland and radio DJ Trevor Nelson. During the
tenure of his brothers' reality series, 2009's "The
Jacksons: A Family Dynasty," he will serve as one of the
executive producers alongside his other brothers. During
the summer of 2012, he will reunite with brothers Jackie,
Marlon, and Jermaine by going on tour.
1957 - The Sickle Cell Disease Research Foundation opens in Los
Angeles, California. It is the forerunner to a national
association and over 50 local chapters dedicated to
providing education, screening, counseling, and research
in the genetic disease that affects over 50,000
individuals, mostly African Americans.
1964 - Bob Hayes wins a gold medal for the 100-meter dash in the
1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo with a time of ten seconds,
equaling the world record.
1966 - Eric Benét Jordan is born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He will
become a Rhythm & Blues and neo soul singer-songwriter and
actor, known professionally as Eric Benét. He will receive
a total of four Grammy nominations to date for his musical
work. In 1994, he will sign with Warner Bros. Records,
releasing his solo debut album, "True to Myself" in 1996.
Individual songs from the album will be successful,
including the top-ten Rhythm & Blues hits "Spiritual Thang",
"Femininity" and "Let's Stay Together", which will originally
appear on the soundtrack of the film, "A Thin Line Between
Love and Hate." On October 7, 2016, he will release his
eponymous seventh studio album and first major album release
since 2012's "The One", the album featuring guest appearances
from Tamia, Arturo Sandoval and MC Lyte. He will also be
active as an actor; he will have a recurring role on "For
Your Love" (TV series) (1998–2002). He will make his film
debut alongside Mariah Carey in "Glitter" (2001). He will
have a recurring role on the MTV scripted show "Kaya" (2007)
where he will play a music producer. He will appear on "Half
& Half," in which he portrays Reece Wilcox in 2005. His second
feature film role Trinity Goodheart will premier at the
American Black Film Festival on July 9, 2011 and premiere on
GMC on August 20, 2011. In Fall 2013, he will appear on the
second season of BET's hit television show, "The Real Husbands
of Hollywood." Benét will be a guest star alongside Kevin Hart,
Bobby Brown, and Boris Kodjoe.
1968 - Wyomia Tyus becomes the first person to win a gold medal in the
100-meter race in consecutive Olympic games.
1969 - Abdi Rashid Ali Shermarke, President of Somalia, joins the
ancestors after being assassinated.
1970 - Elgin Baylor Lumpkin is born in Washington, DC. He will become
a singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. He will be better
known by his stage name, Ginuwine. Ginuwine will began his
career as a member of Swing Mob in the early 1990s. Signing to
Epic Records as a solo artist in the mid-1990s, he will release
a number of multi-platinum and platinum-selling albums and
singles, becoming one of Rhythm & Blues' top artists during the
late 1990s and early 2000s. He will have significant commercial
success with his first 4 albums: "Ginuwine...The Bachelor" (2x
Platinum), "100% Ginuwine" (2× Platinum), "The Life" (Platinum),
and "The Senior" (Gold). According to Billboard, Ginuwine will
sell 6.98 million albums in the US.
1974 - The National Guard is mobilized to restore order in the
Boston school busing crisis.
1981 - Keyshia M. Cole is born in Oakland, California. She will become
a singer, songwriter, actress, producer, and television
personality. Her career will begin when she meets MC Hammer at
the age of 12, and later meets rapper Tupac Shakur. At the age
of 15, she will move to Los Angeles and will later be
introduced to A&M Records. She will release her debut album,
"The Way It Is" (2005), which spawns five singles: "Never", "I
Changed My Mind", "(I Just Want It) To Be Over", "I Should
Have Cheated", and "Love". It will be certified gold within 17
weeks, and then platinum just eight weeks later. The album will
stay on the charts for over a year, selling over 1.6 million
copies. After A&M folds, she will release her second album
"Just like You" (2007) under Geffen Records, and the album will
debut and peak at number two on the Billboard 200. It will be
nominated for Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 50th Grammy
Awards. The album will be certified platinum in sales by the
Recording Industry Association of America, and will sell 1.7
million copies in the US. "A Different Me" is Cole's third
album, released in 2008. The album will debut at number two on
the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 322,000, the highest
of her career. The album will be certified platinum by the RIAA.
"Calling All Hearts" is her fourth album, released on December
21, 2010 in the United States. The album will debut and peak at
number nine on the Billboard 200, with first week sales of
129,000. The album will sell 400,000 copies in the US as of
November 2012. Her fifth album "Woman to Woman" (2012) will
debut at number 10 on the Billboard 200, with first week sales
of 96,000, lower than her last effort. The album will sell
329,000 copies in the US as of September 2013. After Geffen
folds, her sixth album "Point of No Return" (2014) will be
released on October 7, 2014 through Interscope Records, and
have unsuccessful sales, selling less than 45,000 copies and
being her lowest-selling album to date. Along with her music,
she will venture into reality television. She will sign to a
reality/documentary series "Keyshia Cole: The Way It Is" which
will air on BET from 2006 until 2008, giving viewers a closer
look into her career and family life with her biological
mother and sister. Her second reality show, "Family First"
will premier on October 9, 2012. Her third reality show
"Keyshia Cole: All In" will premier on February 24, 2015.
1989 - South African officials release eight prominent political
prisoners, including Walter Sisulu, a leader of the
African National Congress.
1991 - Judge Clarence Thomas is confirmed as the 106th associate
justice of the United States Supreme Court, despite
sexual harassment allegations by Anita Hill, with a
Senate vote of 52-48. He becomes the second African
American to sit on the Supreme Court.
1993 - African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela and South
African President F.W. de Klerk are awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize for their work to end apartheid and laying
the foundations for a democratic South Africa.
1994 - Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide returns to his
country, three years after being overthrown by army
rulers. The U.N. Security Council welcomes Aristide's
return by voting to lift stifling trade sanctions
imposed against Haiti.
2005 - The Million More Movement convenes on the National Mall
in Washington, DC. In addition to celebrating the 10th
anniversary of the Million Man March, there is a call
for an end to the war in Iraq, and pointed criticism of
the federal response to Hurricane Katrina.
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