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Date:
Sun, 15 Nov 2020 10:40:31 -0500
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*            Today in Black History - November 15           *

218BC- Hannibal, North African military genius, crosses the 
	Alps with elephants and 26,000 men in an expedition 
	to capture Rome. 

1805 - Explorers Lewis and Clark reach the mouth of the 
	Columbia River. Accompanying them on their expedition 
	is a slave named York, who, while technically Clark's 
	valet, distinguished himself as a scout, interpreter, 
	and emissary to the Native Americans encountered on 
	the expedition. 

1825 - African American feminist, Sarah Jane Woodson, is born 
	in Chillicothe, Ohio. 

1884 - The Berlin Conference, of European nations, is organized 
	by German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck to decide issues 
	regarding the colonization of Africa. The Europeans 
	attending the conference, decide which parts of the 
	African continent would be "owned" by the participants, 
	"allowing" only Liberia and Ethiopia to remain free 
	countries. Representatives from Great Britain, France, 
	Germany, Portugal, and Belgium negotiate their claims 
	to African territory and establish a framework for 
	making and negotiating future claims. Obviously, there 
	is no one representing Africans at this conference. By 
	1900, nearly 90 percent of African territory will be 
	claimed by European states. 	

1887 - Granville T. Woods receives a patent for the Synchronous 
	Multiplier Railway Telegraph.

1897 - Langston University, a public co-educational institution, 
	is founded in Langston, Oklahoma.

1897 - Voorhees College, a private co-educational institution 
	affiliated with the Episcopal Church, is founded in 
	Denmark, South Carolina.

1897 - John Mercer Langston joins the ancestors at the age of 
	67, in Washington, DC.

1928 - Roland Hayes opens his fifth American Tour at New York's 
	Carnegie Hall packed with admirers.

1930 - Whitman Blount Mayo is born in New York City. He will
	become an actor, primarily on television. In the early 
	1970s, while working for the New Lafayette Theatre, Norman 
	Lear will offer him a role as Grady Wilson on Sanford and 
	Son. The character's name will be based on Grady Demond 
	Wilson, the actor who plays Lamont Sanford. During a 
	period where Redd Foxx did not appear on the show due to a 
	contract dispute, Grady will move into the Sanford house 
	and effectively star in the show for seven episodes. He 
	will later star in Grady, an unsuccessful spin-off in 
	which his character moves in with his daughter and her 
	husband in Beverly Hills. After its cancellation in 1976, 
	his Grady character returned to Sanford and Son. He will
	reprise the role in the unsuccessful 1977 NBC-TV spinoff 
	series Sanford Arms opposite actor Theodore Wilson, as well 
	as for two episodes of Sanford, another NBC-TV Sanford and 
	Son spinoff, this time opposite Redd Foxx and actor Dennis 
	Burkley, in 1981. He will join the ancestors on May 22, 2001
	after succumbing to a heart attack.

1939 - Yaphet Frederick Kotto is born in New York City. He will 
	become an  actor, known for numerous film roles, as well as 
	starring in the NBC television series Homicide: Life on the 
	Street (1993-99) as Lieutenant Al Giardello. His films will
	include the science-fiction/horror film Alien (1979), and the 
	Arnold Schwarzenegger science-fiction/action film The Running 
	Man (1987). He will portray the main villain Dr. Kananga/Mr. 
	Big in the James Bond movie Live and Let Die (1973). He will
	appear opposite Robert De Niro in the comedy thriller Midnight 
	Run (1988) as FBI agent Alonzo Moseley. He will write two 
	books: "Royalty," and "The Second Coming of Christ," and will
	also write scripts for "Homicide: Life on the Street (1993�
	1999). In 2014, he will portray the voice of Parker for the 
	video game "Alien: Isolation," reprising the same role he 
	played in the movie Alien in 1979.

1950 - Dr. Arthur Dorrington, a dentist, becomes the first African 
	American in organized hockey to suit up, a member of the 
	Atlantic City Seagulls of the Eastern Amateur Hockey League.

1950 - Otis Armstrong is born in Chicago, Illinois. He will become 
	a NFL runningback with the Denver Broncos. In his second 
	NFL season, he will lead the league in rushing yards (1,407) 
	and yards per carry (5.3). In the 1977 season, he will 
	assist the Denver Broncos to an appearance in Super Bowl XII, 
	which they will lose to the Dallas Cowboys 27-10. He will
	finish his 8 NFL seasons with 4,453 rushing yards, 123 
	receptions for 1,302 receiving yards, and 879 yards from 
	kickoff returns. He will also score 32 touchdowns (25 rushing 
	and 7 receiving).

1960 - Elgin Baylor, of the Los Angeles Lakers scores 71 points against 
	the New York Knicks.

1969 - The Amistad Research Center is incorporated as an independent 
	archive, library, & museum dedicated to preserving African 
	American & ethnic history and culture. The center collects 
	original source materials on the history of the nation's 
	ethnic minorities and race relations in the United States (over 
	10 million documents). The Amistad was organized by the Race 
	Relations Department of Fisk University and the American
	Missionary Association in 1966. The library is now located in 
	Tilton Hall on the campus of Tulane University in New Orleans, 
	Louisiana. 
 
1973 - Sydney Tamiia Poitier is born in Los Angeles, California. She will
	become a television and film actress. She will begin her career of 
	acting in the late 1990s. In 2001, she will land her first role on 
	television in the NBC drama series "First Years." The series will
	be canceled after three episodes. In 2003, she will star in the 
	UPN sitcom "Abby." That series will also be canceled during its 
	first season. Later that same year, she will have a recurring role 
	in "Joan of Arcadia," where she will play Rebecca Askew, the love 
	interest of Joan's older brother, Kevin (Jason Ritter). She will
	also be a regular on the first season of Veronica Mars. However, 
	she will leave the show after only appearing in four episodes 
	because of budget cuts. In 2007, she will star in "Death Proof,"
	director Quentin Tarantino's segment of the movie "Grindhouse," as 
	radio DJ Jungle Julia. The next year, she will have a co-starring 
	role in the new "Knight Rider" series, as FBI Agent Carrie Rivai.
	In 2011, she will guest-star on two episodes of "Private Practice." 

1976 - The Plains Baptist Church, home church of President Jimmy Carter, 
	votes to admit African American worshipers. The church had been 
	under pressure to admit African Americans since Reverend Clennon 
	King had announced his intentions to join the congregation. 
 
1979 - The Nobel Prize in economics is awarded to Professor Arthur Lewis 
	of Princeton University. He is the first African American to 
	receive the coveted prize in a category other than peace.

1979 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to Rosa L. Parks, who was 
	the Catalyst in the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott of 1955-56.

1989 - President George Bush signs a bill to rename a Houston, Texas, 
	federal building after George Thomas "Mickey" Leland, the Houston 
	congressman who joined the ancestors in a plane crash earlier in 
	the year. 

1998 - Kwame Ture succumbs to prostate cancer in Guinea and joins the 
	ancestors at age 57. He was born Stokely Carmichael in the country 
	of Trinidad (1941) and in 1966 coined the phrase, "Black Power."

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