14:54 18-2-2014, Paul Gideon Dann: >Io ha mesme tentate facer parve illustrationes :p Yes, well done. That helps. >Presente perfecto, aspecto perfective: >??????(.)------ > >EN: I have played That's not what I read/learnt. As I understood it, the perfect tense in English denotes action in the past, that continues until or into the present, actually in the present or in its consequences. So the perfect tense expresses the IMperfect aspect. The perfect aspect (finite, closed, brought to a end, done at a definite times, last week, yesterday, whatever) is expressed by the simple past (played). "I have played yesterday" is ungrammatical in English, isn't it? The presence of the time clause makes the simple past mandatory. In Dutch "ik heb gisteren gespeeld" is perfectly normal, which may explain why this is so difficult for me. >FR: J'ai joué >IA: Io ha jocate > >Passate simple, aspecto perfective: >--X---(.)------ > >EN: I played >FR: Je jouai >IA: Io jocava OK, agreed. In pt: toquei, brinquei: perfect tense (non composto). (Note that English does NOT use its perfeito composto here, neither does Portuguese). -- Ruud Harmsen, http://rudhar.com Ressources sur interlingua: rudhar.com/lingtics/intrlnga.htm -- Pro leger le archivos e pro modificar o cancellar le subscription: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/interlng.html