Sister Ndey J,
This topic is getting more and more interesting but I need to get away
form my computer for at least trwenty-four hours.
From a distance, I would speculate that the Burkinabé tomatoes smell of
genetic modification. Burkina Faso has been the West African country that
has pursued with greatest vigour the genetic modification of its cotton
crop - perhaps second only to South Africa on the entire continent. I do not
know of experiments on tomatoes, but it is exciting to imagine the
possibilities of transgenetic contamination, a concern expressed by peasants
even before tests commenced on cotton fields...
Till later,
sidibeh
> To add to Sidibeh's answers i would like to stress my favourite slogan "
> visionary leadership and good governance". We use to argue that what
Africa
> needs is money and massive infusions of it, in order to escape poverty,
just
> like a rocket needs a lot of fuel to underwrite and power her thrusts to
> escape gravity. This analogy is interesting based on the fact that
Africa
> has repeatedly failed to escape stagnant growth and poverty in spite of
the
> massive infusions of aid over the past four decades. We had experience a
lot
> of develop policies and strategies from Import subsidisation, Structural
> adjustment, Trade liberalisation, Poverty Reduction Strategy,
Privatisation
> all these had failed. So, will trade make any difference, will opening
the
> doors for a free and a fair trade make any difference in this present
state
> order.
>
> Yes, free trade, access to markets and money will go long way in
helping
> Africa out of her morass of poverty quite right. But a massive infusion
of
> huge amounts of aid money must be predicated on the presence and
> functionality of credible, basic, indispensable structures of
governance,
> which only good participatory governance can create and sustain. This is
> unfortunately, what Africa despite democratic pretences lacks at
present.
> Africa is not poor because she lacks resources, or access to markets but
> because of the mismanagement of these resources, by her various shades
of
> visionless leadership, which spanned her like bubonic plague, and
seriously
> compromised her trajectory of development.
>
> Most importantly, the fact must be reiterated that in as much as we
share
> the views that political engagement on issues such as debt cancellation,
> trade justice, equitable governance in global institutions, and
political,
> social and economic rights for the poor remains the foundation for
making
> sustained progress to end poverty in Africa and in the Third world,
> strategies to end poverty will only succeed if they are rooted in an
active
> promotion of good governance and democracy, including multilateral
> institutions and active citizenship at all levels.
>
> Governance profoundly touches the tangents of poverty and development of
the
> African continent. To this end, I am of the belief that an accountable
> leadership supported with the establishment and consolidation of the
right
> legal structures, both on the international and local scene, would form
the
> first line of defence in the battle against poverty in Africa. More
> political honesty at the local level, and less of international
hypocrisy,
> would collaborate in building up solutions to the incidence of
scandalous
> poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. And the role that leadership can play in
> developing and implementing a coherent program modeled to fight poverty
and
> underdevelopment Africa can not be overemphasized.
>
> And for me one basis for doing this lies in according recognition to
poverty
> as a human rights violation, and from there establishing internationally
> recognized sanctions for the infringement of these rights by political
> actors, whose mismanagement and outright roguery pushes millions of
people
> into the poverty quadrangle. That is what I intend to add in relation to
the
> African solution.
>
> NB:
>
> Well Sidibeh,
> Talking about the Ghanaian tomatoes sellers take me back to Ghana. Last
year
> there was an outcry from the Ghanaian tomatoes sellers who could not
compete
> with the Burkina Faso Tomatoes sellers because the Ghanaian Tomatoes
Sellers
> where loosing their market to the Burkinabe's. For the simple fact that
the
> women who buy it find the tomatoes from Burkina Faso lasting longer than
the
> ones in Ghana? These tomatoes sometimes need to be kept for days before
you
> can get a buyer. And for the women at the Makola market in Ghana who
also
> buy from these women, they need to keep these tomatoes as fresh as
possible
> if they really want to make maximum profits. For these women the
economic
> returns are more from the tomatoes from Burkina Faso for the simply
reason
> that it keeps longer than the ones from Ghana. According to them the
ones
> from Ghana perish at a very short time and they risk loosing all their
> investments. So, it is also not just price discrimination but what i
will
> call "profit driven".
>
>
>
> The Struggle Continues!!!
> Ndey Jobarteh
>
>
>
>>From: Momodou S Sidibeh <[log in to unmask]>
>>Reply-To: The Gambia and related-issues mailing list
>><[log in to unmask]>
>>To: [log in to unmask]
>>Subject: Re: "SunuGaal"/ Behind this trade there are Europeans involved
and
>>well paid.
>>Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2006 10:57:33 +0200
>>
>> Ginny dear,
>>
>> Many things, from the point of view of a layman like myself:
>>
>> 1) Obtain a political consensus on the country's development
priorities.
>>From the the tiniest village communities to the parliamentary
>>representative, there must be national unity as to what afflicts
>>producutivity in all sectors and how these can be overcome. This is
>>necessary in order to lay down a workable social contract between the
>>government and the governed. [A cue from what Botswana did, also
mentioned
>>by Stiglitz and Sanford].
>>
>> 2) Diversify agriculture and invest in the country's competitive
>>advantage. Gambian horticulture seems to have prospered lately, and
there
>>is hardly a reason why Gambian ockra cannot be exported to the United
>>States or mangoes to European markets. Middle-class Gambians who own
>>orchads are the most prosperous of the farming population.
>>
>> 3) Invest in food-processing plants to cut down on imported agric.
>>processed goods like paste tomatoes, and pasturized milk from Holland,
>>while at the same time providing employment opportunities especially for
>>the urban women population. There is one now in Wellingara but I am
>>uncertain as to what is produced there.
>>
>> 4) Drastically cut on unnecesary conspicuous consumption. "The African
>>big-man's childish love for cars" - to quote Ousman Manjang's phrase, is
a
>>huge drain on precious foreign exchange and drives up energy costs.
Further
>>reduce this dependence on expensive fossil fuels by strategically
investing
>>in biofuels. Brazil is world leader in this technology.
>>
>> 5) Encourage inter-african trade and vigorously pursue stakes in Asian
>>markets to reduce dependency on Europe. Dried sharks fins used to be
>>exported to Japan in the seventies. I have no idea whether that is still
>>the case.
>>
>> 6) Invest in education and skills training (a la Malanding). Undertake
>>long-time plans to plug the country into the information technology
>>revolution.
>>
>> 7) Develop a national anti-corruption strategy. This struggle cannot
be
>>just an event orchestrated by an anti-corruption commission. But an
entire
>>educational endeavour to change attitudes and emphasise the role of
ethics
>>in the social contract between state and society.
>>
>> 8) Open up certain sectors of the economy to foreign investment.
>>Liberalise even the financial sector but this must be done at
appropriate
>>times where due consideration is given to sequencing. (I am aware that
>>Gambia's service sector is growing but in some sections of this
important
>>sector, foreign investors are edging out Gambian entrepreneurs).
>>
>> 9) Incorporate all the recommendations Buharry gave here on how to
>>exploit our cultural potential as a way of boosting economic growth and
>>creating jobs.
>>
>> 10) Continue the diplomatic struggles at international trade talks to
>>tell European and American consumers that their governments' insistence
on
>>farm subsidies is impoverishing the poor in developing countries.
>>
>> ...and many more things
>>
>> Cheers,
>> sidibeh
>>
>> --- Original Message ----- From: "Ginny Quick" <[log in to unmask]>
>> To: <[log in to unmask]>
>> Sent: Saturday, October 07, 2006 6:12 PM
>> Subject: Re: "SunuGaal"/ Behind this trade there are Europeans
involved
>>and well paid.
>>
>>
>> > Hello, so what can be done? Even if the corruption and the bad
>>economic
>> > policies started to be dealt with by African governments, how do
they
>>deal
>> > with the arm-twisting that goes on by Western countries? It just
seems
>> > silly to me that farmers in Ghana, or anywhere else for that matter,
>>can't
>> > grow tomatoes, or other foodstuffs, to feed thier own people. The
fact
>>that
>> > it has to be imported, and that the Ghanaean government seemingly
>>doesn't
>> > have a choice in the matter, if it wants to receive aid for other
>>projects,
>> > just seems, well, I don't know, "not right to me", would be an
>> > understatement.
>> >
>> >
>> > If European countries want to stop the flow of ilegal migration
to
>> > their countries, perhaps they should stop the arm-twisting, and let
>>African
>> > countries do whatever they need to do to provide a decent life for
the
>> > people within their borders, toherwise, people will continue to take
>>risks
>> > to go to whereever they see that the greener pastures are.
>> >
>> > Ginny
>> >
>> >
>> > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Momodou S Sidibeh"
>><[log in to unmask]>
>> > To: <[log in to unmask]>
>> > Sent: Friday, October 06, 2006 9:12 PM
>> > Subject: Re: "SunuGaal"/ Behind this trade there are Europeans
involved
>>and
>> > well paid.
>> >
>> >
>> >> Omar,
>> >>
>> >> Faulting our misery on the failure of political independence
>>indirectly
>> >> questions the values of sovereignty.
>> >>
>> >> What we instead have to look at is the complex of internal
political
>> >> failures and their attendant distorted economic consequences and
how
>>these
>> >> are further impacted by brutally exploitative western economic
>>policies,
>> >> in the case of West Africa. But the plight of our brothers in these
>>deadly
>> >> waters is simply a heavily dramatic case of a global phenomenon:
>>Chinese
>> >> and Vietnamese workers and peasants smuggled aboard ships bound for
>>the
>> >> U.S pacific coast; central Americans forcing the border into the
U.S.
>>from
>> >> Mexico; former east Europeans (especially Poles) flooding the U.K
>>labour
>> >> market (many now turning up as beggars on the streets of London);
>>hundreds
>> >> of thousands of Phillipinos and other south Asians doing the menial
>>and
>> >> skilled jobs in the Gulf States, and so on...
>> >>
>> >> That it mostly is young west Africans we see now is largely an
>>accident
>> >> of geography. Just a month ago a boat filled with some 200
Pakistanis
>>left
>> >> Dakar for the Canary Islands. Now and again loads of Eritreans and
>>other
>> >> North Africans are also forcibly disembarked on these Spanish
islands
>>or
>> >> in Malta.
>> >>
>> >> Here is a West African case in point:
>> >> Italy, like all EU countries, heavily subsidise agricultural
>>production
>> >> of its farmers. So they are able to sell paste tomato relatively
>>cheaply
>> >> to retailers in Ghanain towns. Ghanain tomato farmers are unable to
>>sell
>> >> their products in the same market since they cannot compete with
the
>>lower
>> >> prices of imported italian tomatoes.
>> >> Young Ghanains then migrate to the urban areas in search of work
>>since
>> >> farming no longer remains a vaible souce of income. Unemployment in
>>the
>> >> cities grow exponentially and many youing men therefore, risk their
>>lives
>> >> on open fishing boats leaving the Gambia and Senegalese coasts for
the
>> >> nearest European ports, again in search of work.
>> >>
>> >> To help their farmers, many African governments protest by trying
to
>> >> raise tariffs on imported agricultural goods (such as cheap,
>>tatseless,
>> >> frozen chicken all over Gambia and Senegal). But then the Europeans
>> >> threaten that they will cut funds and aid they provide as subsidies
to
>> >> national budgets. So no schools and clinics will be built and
>>teachers'
>> >> salaries may be unpaid for months.
>> >> (A senior Ghanain representative illustrated this graphic
>>arm-twisting by
>> >> the EU last year at the global forum at Davos).
>> >> This, plus the corruption and stupid economic policies of African
>> >> governments are what lie at the roots of the lamentations of
>>"sunugaal".
>> >>
>> >> cheers,
>> >> modou s sidibeh
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Subject: SV: "SunuGaal"/ Behind this trade there are Europeans
>>involved
>> >> and well paid.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Sidibeh/Oko/Bailo,
>> >>
>> >> I hope the SOPI Coalition is listening. The song is pregnant with
>>meaning
>> >> giving a vivid picture of the harsh realities not only in Senegal
but
>>in
>> >> many African countries. We don`t have to look far away to see that.
>>The
>> >> level of deprivation is alarming and having to take such a risk on
>>those
>> >> rickety fishing boats on such a perilous route shows how desperate
the
>> >> bulk of the people are.
>> >>
>> >> Bailo pointed out the valid point of the failure of political
>> >> independence and it makes me wonder whether this mass exodus of
>>African
>> >> migrants is not a form of reverse colonisation; the coloniser being
>> >> colonised by its former subjects. Is it a case of the chicken
coming
>>home
>> >> to roost? And the situation is made worsening with the level of
>>organised
>> >> crime as Oku cited.
>> >>
>> >> Happy weekend.
>> >>
>> >> regards,
>> >> Omar
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> > From: oko drammeh [[log in to unmask]]
>> >> > Sent: 2006-10-06 14:32:06 CEST
>> >> > To: [log in to unmask]
>> >> > Subject: Re: "SunuGaal"/ Behind this trade there are Europeans
>>involved
>> >> and well paid.
>> >> >
>> >> > This is prophecy/ not an overstatement.
>> >> >
>> >> > If you need what Africa has,
>> >> > and you can't do without it
>> >> > and don't want to pay for it.
>> >> >
>> >> > You will create problems for thoes people only to make them
weak
>>and
>> >> maintaining them in the clutches and machenary of exploitation and
>>inhuman
>> >> treatment.
>> >> >
>> >> > It seems like Africans are still under the conspiration theory
of
>>the
>> >> CURSE OF HAM (decendants of black race) by his father prophet Noah
in
>>the
>> >> Abrahamic religions.
>> >> >
>> >> > RELIGION RULE THE WORLD
>> >> > That Denial of peace and prospertity to the Black Africans and
>>the
>> >> punishment sent to them said by most religions is an order of god.
>>This
>> >> has cause poverty, wars, deaths and an unsettled Africa. This is
the
>>root
>> >> of all our problems. It is holy.
>> >> >
>> >> > Be wise Africa,
>> >> > you are the richest continent
>> >> > but yet with the poorest people.
>> >> >
>> >> > You have been duped !
>> >> >
>> >> > Oko
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > bailo jallow <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>> >> > Omar,
>> >> >
>> >> > Thanks for sharing this moving clip of a song that is spot on
for
>>the
>> >> reasons of the desperate quest of young able bodied Africans to
reach
>>the
>> >> shores of the promised land. As reflected by the song, it is
primarily
>> >> because political independence from the yoke of colonialism have
thus
>>so
>> >> far failed to fulfil the hopes and aspirations of Africans. In
other
>> >> terms, we, Africans have been failed by our political class, i.e
both
>> >> those in civvies and uniforms. They seem to only take care of
>>themselves.
>> >> >
>> >> > Very sad indeed!
>> >> >
>> >> > Bailo
>> >> >
>> >> > bailo jallow wrote:
>> >> > Testing, testing, just testing.
>> >> >
>> >> > Bailo
>> >> >
>> >> > OMAR DRAMMEH wrote:
>> >> > Fols,
>> >> >
>> >> > Thought this might be of interest. It portrays the plight of the
>> >> African migrant including Gambians in their journey to the "Promise
>>Land".
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > http://www.studiosankara.com/sunugaal.html
>> >> >
>> >> > Regards,
>> >> > Omar
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>> >> Gambia-L Web interface
>> >> > at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >> >
>> >> > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> > To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> > [log in to unmask]
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > ---------------------------------
>> >> > Try the all-new Yahoo! Mail . "The New Version is radically
easier
>>to
>> >> use" ? The Wall Street Journal
>> >> >
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>> >> Gambia-L Web interface
>> >> > at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >> >
>> >> > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> > To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> > [log in to unmask]
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > ---------------------------------
>> >> > All new Yahoo! Mail "The new Interface is stunning in its
>>simplicity
>> >> and ease of use." - PC Magazine
>> >> >
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>> >> Gambia-L Web interface
>> >> > at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >> >
>> >> > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> > To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> > [log in to unmask]
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > ---------------------------------
>> >> > Get your own web address for just $1.99/1st yr. We'll help.
Yahoo!
>> >> Small Business.
>> >> >
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>> >> Gambia-L Web interface
>> >> > at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >> >
>> >> > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> > To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> > [log in to unmask]
>> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> >
>> >>
>> >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>>Gambia-L
>> >> Web interface
>> >> at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >>
>> >> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> [log in to unmask]
>> >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >>
>> >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >> To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>>Gambia-L
>> >> Web interface
>> >> at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >>
>> >> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>> >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> >> To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> >> [log in to unmask]
>> >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >
>> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
>>Gambia-L Web interface
>> > at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>> >
>> > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>>http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>> > To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>> > [log in to unmask]
>> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>> >
>>
>>¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>>To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
Gambia-L
>>Web interface
>>at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>>
>>To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
>>http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
>>To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
>>[log in to unmask]
>>¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>
> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
> To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the
Gambia-L Web interface
> at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
>
> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to:
http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
> To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
> [log in to unmask]
> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
>
¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface
at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
[log in to unmask]
¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
|
