Mrs Joh,
    I think I can say with confidence that we will agree to disagree on this one.
I respect your point, and I hope yo can see mine in a fair-minded view too.
The land is my inheritance, and we will do everything in our power to see that people do not just come and
rob us of that. Taf may have the land today, but as we are all hoping and praying, when Jammed and his idiots
are banished, and courts again function indecently,
that we shall battle him court.
In the meantime I cease to exchange views (or even worse, emotions) on this issue with you.

Lots of respect
Manneh

Jabou Joh wrote:

> Manneh,
> You ask if the carving up of The Gambia was democratic. No it was not,
> neither was the carving up of Africa by foreign invaders.
> You also seem to be amused by my reference to The Gambia as an organized
> country. I think you are putting the emphasis on the wrong word here. I do
> not mean that the state of the country is organized, far from it, and any
> idiot can see that.
> What I mean is that it is a country, a unit recognized by the international
> community as well as the people in Gambia as a country. So, it is not a
> kingdom anymore, but a country, The Gambia.
> Your comments lead me to perhaps think that since the forming of this country
> was not ideal and against the will of the people, then it is something you
> would rather not have? That sentiment is a little belated if that is the case.
>
> You wrote:
>
> Elementary, and does not follow the same logic, why I ask? Kingdoms are/were
> organized around groups of people too who have something in common, or is
> that not so???
>
> Yes indeed, they were, but I again remind you Mr Manneh, that we are not in a
> kingdom (despite Yaya Jammeh's attempts to pass himself off as a mansa) but
> in a modern day country that is struggling to form a fair and just society
> where all rightns are protected.
>
> I am glad that your people so generoulsy gave land to some people, but the
> fact that some Gambians see themselves as sole owners of large parcels of
> land which they can then dole out to the rest who of us who appear to be just
> squatters is nevertheless a troubling notion to me.
>
> Haruna Darboe gave me a lesson in Native American reservation land which I
> already know vey well.
> Haruna, if you look at the size of the United States, and look at the
> proportion of the rest of the land against what is actually Reservation land,
> you will see that this is clearly not a situation where the indegenous people
> have the majority of the land with a smaller portion left for the rest of the
> non Native Americans. Infact, in some instances, for. e.g on Long Island, a
> couple of the Reservations sit on rocky land that one cannot even farm, and I
> know this from spending time on these Reservations visiting  Native American
> friends who live there, but that is another matter altogether.
>
> I cannot infact say here that I know the proportion of Gambian land that is
> held by klans, and what is left for the rest of us. Perhaps if you or anyone
> else has some statistics on this, then that will give us a better picture of
> the situation.
>
> My commentary speaks to fairness and the funcioning of a modern day country
> which for all intents and purposes, all of us subscribe to. This is why we
> bother to form political parties, nominate cnadidates, conduct elections all
> of which are or should be governed by laws that are put into place hopefully
> by a collective agreement of the society.These laws should attempt to promote
> fairness at all times, and land allocation is definitely part of that.
>
> If the Klans who hold this land in our country see themselves as mere
> authorities who are serving as the governing bodies in their respective
> jursidictions, and in much the same way that givernment is in terms of land
> that is termed government controlled land, and who then will give out land to
> any Gambian who comes asking, regardless of their origins and who is not a
> member of their klan, then this is fine, so long as that system is uniformly
> operated. Is this infact the case?
>
> For the sake of fairness and to safeguard the rights of all Gambians, this is
> a matter that I personally think needs reviewing by a government that is fair
> and knows what they are doing, and not one that will undoubtedly use the
> occasion for their own agenda, no one is proposing that. The kingdoms and any
> other organized community in that vein is no longer what governs our country,
> and all people born in The Gambia are Gambians by birthright, and they cannot
> be subject to a system or laws that were in the past and therefore irrelevant
> to our circumstances.
>
> Jabou Joh
>
> In a message dated 7/7/2001 4:26:43 AM Central Daylight Time, [log in to unmask]
> writes:
>
> >
> > Mrs Joh,
> >     Thank you for making some of the issues clearer. I thought you were a
> > fair-minded person
> > and when your point came across  as if you were agreeing with the injustice
> > happening in Brufut,
> > I was taken aback by the nonchalance. But as you have now made your point
> > clearer, I can see
> > that was not the case.
> >
> > If you go over my last piece again, you will see that I wrote that in fact
> > we give/gave land free to
> > people, (even non Gambians) you cannot get any fairer than that. Money
> > making from land has
> > become a sad reality in the last few years or so, merely because of
> > Brufut's proximity to the Tourist
> > Development Area. Where people come from, what their religion was did not
> > bother us a bit, when
> > giving them land, their need for land overrides their tribe, religion or
> > race.
> >
> > My point in pointing out where you dad originates from was not to tell you
> > that you can go
> > and claim land, but rather that if you make enquiries you would/may come to
> > realize that they too
> > had/have land which traditionally belongs to them. They must have farmed
> > somewhere down
> > the history, and so if they did, they must have had land to farm on. If you
> > deduce anything
> > else from it, then you be my guest. I know of your dad's origin cause as I
> > said your sister is
> > married to my uncle. You are free to deduce any meaning from the question
> > you like, I
> > am not going to be apologetic about that.
> >
> >
> >         "If one wants to follow an old system of land ownership, then
> > perhaps it would
> >         have been more suitable to have stayed in those communities that
> > they cleared
> >         and farmed, and not look to have both the advantage of belonging to
> > an
> >         organized country and still enjoy the priviledges of not adopting a
> > system of
> >         land ownership that is fair to the country as a whole."
> >
> > Are you serious about this? An organized country, the Gambia?? Think that
> > through again.
> > Again I reiterate, we gave/give land free to people. All they needed to
> > bring was kola nuts.
> > I think that is fair and humane, as their need for housing and farming
> > overrides any monetary
> > gains we will get by selling land to them.
> >
> >         "You asked why there are countries if people did not own land.
> > Well, this is
> >         elementary and does not follow the same logic. Countries are
> > organized around
> >         groups of people who have something or want something in common,
> > and then
> >         within that parcel of land that constitutes the country,
> > individuals have a
> >         system whereby they can acquire land,  which is a fundamental part
> > of being a
> >         citizen, and this system should not be inequitable as it is in The
> > Gambia."
> >
> > Elementary, and does not follow the same logic, why I ask? Kingdoms
> > are/were organized
> > around groups of people too who have something in common, or is that not
> > so???
> >
> >         "Therefore, it stands to logic then that everyone who calls
> > themselves a
> >         citizen of that country should be entitled to acquire land there
> > and the
> >         acquisition of such land should be uniform, either everyone buys
> > land, or
> >         everyone can make claim to some land without buying it. Any other
> > method is
> >         unfair and inequitable.
> >         There cannot be some of the people who say the land is their's just
> > because
> >         they got there first, and their ancestors cut down the trees. It
> > would be
> >         total chaos in the whole World if this were the case."
> >
> > Again I tell you again for the umpteenth time, that in fact we give/gave
> > land out for free. There is no
> > need to buy it if it is needed for dwelling or farming. Make your own
> > enquiries. I have a question
> > to ask though, do you think the way Africans had always lived their lives
> > unfair? Traditional land
> > ownership has always been the norm, all over the world actually I can say
> > without hesitating.
> >
> >         "These ancestors may have cleared the farmland when they first got
> > there
> >         because it was what was necessary in order for them to be able to
> > use the
> >         land. However, what we now have is a country where there is
> > supposed to be a
> >         demoratic system in place, or at least that is what we say we are
> > fignting
> >         for. This system is a system of laws that protect everyone's
> > interest, and it
> >         is the advantage of enjoying this protection as a society, a group,
> > that
> >         brings people together to form a country."
> >
> > We may now have a country for sure, but the way it is run has much to be
> > desired for. It sure does
> > not protect everyone's interest, if it does then I doubt very much if we
> > will have this hullabaloo
> > today. The young men the land had been divided up amongst would have been
> > able and free
> > to build their simple mud houses on them without the military threatening
> > to kill them.
> >
> >         "Once this happens, everything should then be decided on an
> > equitable
> >         footing. One cannot say we are all gambians, but at the same time
> > say to the
> >         rest of those who form this unit called a country, "sorry, but most
> > of this
> >         land was already mine, so let's just say we have a country
> > together, but not
> >         when it comes to land."
> >
> > Can you please tell me, if there has been any consultation when The Gambia
> > was carved up/born?
> > Were the different kingdoms consulted and their agreement or otherwise
> > taken into account. I know
> > this may sound like an idiotic question, but if you are so hanged up on
> > this democracy nonsense,
> > maybe you can tell me if the carving up of Gambia was in fact democratic.
> >
> >
> >         "Well Mr Manneh, what I can say to this is that, what we now have
> > here, or are
> >         attempting to have is a democracy , and not a kingdom. A democracy
> > where each
> >         of us expects fairness, peace and prosperity, and this calls for the
> >         revisiting of certain ways of doing things for the greater good of
> > the
> >         society as a whole. Again, we cannot expect to benefit by a system
> > and yet
> >         not contribute to it's sustainance at the same time. One cannot
> > have it both
> >         ways."
> >
> > Mrs Joh I live in a kingdom, the UK, would you say that it is democratic or
> > not? They do still
> > have traditional land ownership here too you know!!
> >
> > As I said am not going to be apologetic on this issue, it is unfairness of
> > the highest calibre,
> > and any one who is fair-minded and honest can clearly see that. People's
> > nonchalance on this
> > issue too is left to them.
> >
> > Good weekend to you and the family
> > Regards
> > Manneh
> >
> > Jabou Joh wrote:
> >
> > > Manneh,
> > >
> > > I see that you are mixing two very different issues here, so perhaps I
> > should
> > > have made myself very clear when I commented on this issue. Please let me
> > > make it emphatically clear that i am not discussing this land because I am
> > > trying to defend Taf being given the land in Brufut. That is what started
> > > this debate, but the Taf affair is a mess created by the Jammeh regime in
> > > that they took land that was previously allocated to him for whatever
> > > underhanded reason, and they are now trying to clean up that mess, or at
> > > least make it appear so by giving him this land in Brufut. I am not
> > defending
> > > any of that at all. I actually do not condone handing over any land that
> > > others have been living on or farming without consulting them.
> > >
> > > Likewise, I also do not condone the underhanded tactics of the Jammeh
> > regime
> > > as far as this whole Taf affair is concerned in relation to the first
> > piece
> > > of land that was taken away from him.
> > > If Jammeh is engaged in some pre-election PR and trying to remedy this
> > > situation by shooting from the hip as usual, that is their affair.
> > >
> > > However, this issue about who the land belongs to  is the debate that was
> > > sparked by that whole discussion, and land ownership in The Gambia as it
> > is
> > > now is what concerns me, and what I am trying to address.
> > >
> > > What i am commenting on here is the fact that some Gambians have land that
> > > they claim belongs to their klan and is therefore their's, while othersl,
> > > like myself for example, cannot make this claim. As someone whose klan
> > does
> > > not have self procalimed title to any large piece of land where a parcel
> > can
> > > be given to me without paying for it, if I need land, I have to have the
> > > money to pay for it and  I find that to be grossly unfair.
> > >
> > > You say that since my father is originally from Senegal, there must be
> > land
> > > there that our ancestors have claim to. Well, is that not the same point I
> > > tried to make when I asked why you wanted to know where I am from.
> > >
> > > You say that it was just a question, and yet, you have used the answer to
> > > tell me where I can go and claim land, Senegal, when I am Gambia born and
> > > bred and very much a Gambian by this single fact alone.  If this is the
> > case,
> > > why then should I have to go to another country that is not my country to
> > lay
> > > claim to land there? Clearly, this was the reason you asked the question
> > > regarding family origin in the first place.
> > >
> > > You asked why there are countries if people did not own land. Well, this
> > is
> > > elementary and does not follow the same logic. Countries are organized
> > around
> > > groups of people who have something or want something in common, and then
> > > within that parcel of land that constitutes the country, individuals have
> > a
> > > system whereby they can acquire land,  which is a fundamental part of
> > being a
> > > citizen, and this system should not be inequitable as it is in The Gambia.
> > >
> > > Therefore, it stands to logic then that everyone who calls themselves a
> > > citizen of that country should be entitled to acquire land there and the
> > > acquisition of such land should be uniform, either everyone buys land, or
> > > everyone can make claim to some land without buying it. Any other method
> > is
> > > unfair and inequitable.
> > > There cannot be some of the people who say the land is their's just
> > because
> > > they got there first, and their ancestors cut down the trees. It would be
> > > total chaos in the whole World if this were the case.
> > >
> > > These ancestors may have cleared the farmland when they first got there
> > > because it was what was necessary in order for them to be able to use the
> > > land. However, what we now have is a country where there is supposed to
> > be a
> > > demoratic system in place, or at least that is what we say we are fignting
> > > for. This system is a system of laws that protect everyone's interest,
> > and it
> > > is the advantage of enjoying this protection as a society, a group, that
> > > brings people together to form a country.
> > >
> > > Once this happens, everything should then be decided on an equitable
> > > footing.One cannot say we are all gambians, but at the same time say to
> > the
> > > rest of those who form this unit called a country, "sorry, but most of
> > this
> > > land was already mine, so let's just say we have a country together, but
> > not
> > > when it comes to land."
> > >
> > > When countries are organized, laws are put into place for the protection
> > of
> > > the rights of every citizen. Therefore, we cannot operate on systems that
> > > were the norm before the country was organized, or by systems that were
> > put
> > > into place or reinforced by our colonial masters whose only interest was
> > to
> > > pacify us while they extracted what they wanted from our lands.
> > >
> > > If one wants to follow an old system of land ownership, then perhaps it
> > would
> > > have been more suitable to have stayed in those communities that they
> > cleared
> > > and farmed, and not look to have both the advantage of belonging to an
> > > organized country and still enjoy the priviledges of not adopting a
> > system of
> > > land ownership that is fair to the country as a whole.
> > >
> > > What we are talking about here is simple logic. it is utterly ridiculous
> > to
> > > say that one owns large tracts of land in a country simply by virtue of
> > the
> > > fact that ones ancestors cleared and farmed it long before the country was
> > > organized. We are talking about a fair and equitable and uniform system of
> > > land allocation that is suitable for a democratic country, and one in
> > which
> > > every citizen wants to be treated with fairness and equality in every
> > aspect
> > > of life. One cannot aspire for and expect fairness if some aspects of the
> > > system are clearly unfair. Whether one wants to face this issue and
> > discuss
> > > and resolve it or not, it is not one that will just go away because
> > someone
> > > says that their ancestors cleared the land.
> > >
> > > Pennsylvania was land given to Willaim Penn by the king of England in
> > > pre-independence days. Likewise, families in the Southern part of the
> > United
> > > States held huge parcels of land during the time of slavery and up to the
> > > civil war. There were also other families who held very large pieces of
> > land
> > > here in the U.S. In general, all people in the World cleared new and
> > virgin
> > > lands they went to settlle.These people do not control all this land now.
> > > The Native Americans do not have the sole right to the land here, and
> > > arrogantly appoint themselves the "giver" of land to other groups or
> > > individuals even though they were here before, and i am sure their
> > ancestors
> > > cleared a forest or two. If land ownership should be based on who cleared
> > > which piece of land, then there is still a good bit of land in Gambia
> > that is
> > > thick forest, and yielding a machete does not make it one's private
> > property.
> > >
> > > Is it logical that one should divide a country up among klans, especially
> > > when there are other groups in the same country who do not have the same
> > > priviledge?
> > > I do not think so.
> > >
> > > You wrote:
> > >
> > > "There were tiny kingdoms, like the Kombo, Niumi, Badibu kingdoms etc, and
> > > within these kingdoms we had clans. So if you are taking to task the
> > > traditional way of land ownership, then maybe you shouldtravel back in
> > time
> > > and change the way Africans had always lived their lives."
> > >
> > > Well Mr Manneh, what I can say to this is that, what we now have here, or
> > are
> > > attempting to have is a democracy , and not a kingdom. A democracy where
> > each
> > > of us expects fairness, peace and prosperity, and this calls for the
> > > revisiting of certain ways of doing things for the greater good of the
> > > society as a whole. Again, we cannot expect to benefit by a system and yet
> > > not contribute to it's sustainance at the same time. One cannot have it
> > both
> > > ways.
> > >
> > > Have a good weekend.
> > >
> > > Auntie Jabou Joh
> > >
> > > In a message dated 7/6/2001 2:53:52 AM Central Daylight Time,
> > [log in to unmask]
> > > writes:
> > >
> > >  Mrs Joh,
> > >      Why do you resent the question I asked of where you were born? There
> > is
> > > nothing sinister in it,
> > >  just a simple straight forward question. I asked it merely because I had
> > a
> > > chance to speak
> > >  to my dad, and he reassured me that, anyone from a farming community
> > > understands what land
> > >  ownership is all about? If I had wanted to ask you otherwise, rest
> > assured I
> > > shall ask you it in simple
> > >  and straightforward manner.
> > >  I learnt  that you were born in Janjangburreh, but is it not also true
> > that
> > > in fact your dad actually
> > >  originated
> > >  from Senegal. If you were to make enquiries am sure you will realize that
> > > his clan/family too owned l
> > >  and. ( I am a cousin to your nieces and nephews, so you see we are all
> > one
> > > big family here).
> > >
> > >  If your argument that land should belong to everyone is to be taken
> > > seriously by me, then I ask
> > >  this: why do do we have countries? Why cannot we move freely from one
> > place
> > > to the other?
> > >  That is a principle which would be great but we live in the real world,
> > and
> > > as such people have
> > >  claims to things, yes, even land. I am not at all ashamed of fighting
> > for my
> > > cousins' rights to house
> > >  their families, I will not apologize for it either.
> > >
> > >      "However, i also want to say that in our fight for justice, let us
> > not be
> > >      selective. If we seek justice, we must be prepared to seek it in
> > every
> > >      aspect pf Gambian life. It has become too easy for folks to just
> > try to
> > > use
> > >      the word tribalism as a scare tactic to shut others up because they
> > think
> > >      that everyone will consider it politically incorrect and run and
> > hide."
> > >
> > >  The justice to be fought here is quite simple really. Land has been
> > divided
> > > up among young men
> > >  so as build houses for their young families. Due to Brufut's proximity to
> > > the Tourist Development
> > >  Area, some selfish businessman  thinks that actually he needs the land
> > more
> > > than they do, even
> > >  though he and his family are comfortably housed somewhere else. He needs
> > the
> > > land to build houses
> > >  to sell at a Dmill or more. So now you tell me, where is this justice you
> > > are talking about?
> > >  Lets for instance forget about this Traditional land ownership, do you
> > think
> > > it fair and even humane for
> > >  one man's eagerness to make himself even richer override the need of some
> > > poor villagers to house themselves
> > >  and their families? If there is a need for concerted effort for justice
> > then
> > > nothing deserves
> > >  it more than this. Today, the 6th July 2001, could become a very sad day
> > for
> > > us, as today is the day that
> > >  the military will go ahead and demolish the simple mud houses some of
> > them
> > > have scraped for to build.
> > >  Why, because their rights to housing is not as important as Taf's
> > eagerness
> > > to make more millions.
> > >  So please remember in them your prayers today, for I know they are not
> > going
> > > to stand helplessly and
> > >  see their houses razed to the ground. Where is the justice, you tell me
> > > people of the L!!
> > >
> > >  I think the tribalistic tendencies should be much more appropriately
> > taken
> > > up with Mr Nyang.
> > >  I cannot speak for any other family with regards to Traditional Land
> > > Ownership, but I can speak for
> > >  mine. We came to own our land because our forebears broke their backs to
> > cut
> > > down the forests
> > >  and turned it into farmlands centuries ago. If some other clan was busy
> > > doing something else and as
> > >  such their families down the line do not have land to farm or live on,
> > then
> > > I suggest they go back in
> > >  time and sort it out with their forebears.
> > >
> > >          "We have to be careful about being very
> > >          eager to address only those wrongs that are not to our advantage
> > and
> > > try to
> > >          ignore, cover up or pass over those that directly involve our
> > > personal or
> > >          family, or group interests. One cannot afford to seem to give the
> > > imptession
> > >          of being cunning at the expense of other people."
> > >
> > >  I am not trying to address this issue because it affects my family, I was
> > > sick to my guts because
> > >  the greed of  a single man and his readiness to rob people of that most
> > > fundamental of human
> > >  rights, a place to live in. No one is trying to be cunning here, not
> > from my
> > > side I can assure you.
> > >  You live in the USA, have you ever asked the Indians why they always
> > argue
> > > that they own the land?
> > >  Am sure there are a lot of people who are Americans by birth too, does it
> > > mean that they can build
> > >  and farm anywhere they like. It so is not the case here in the UK. There
> > > still are traditional land
> > >  owners here (or as they call them land lords. They lease out their land
> > to
> > > farmers)
> > >
> > >  " Am I to believe that my Gambian brothers and sisters whose klans,
> > groups,
> > > etc
> > >  can lay claim to  land and  other groups are not entitled to the same
> > >  priviledge actually consider that just? If we are all Gambians, then I
> > think
> > >  we need to revisit this land issue and make sure we put a fair system in
> > >  place where every Gambian can acquire land in a uniform manner. I cannot
> > see
> > >  myself as comrades to people who say they abhor injustice and are
> > fighting
> > >  for justice with me, but who at the same time conveniently chuck this
> > land
> > >  issueto tribalism when it is very clear that definitley not all Gambians
> > have
> > >  equal rights when it comes to this issue."
> > >
> > >  Mrs Joh, we are very fair in the way we allocate land to people. We gave
> > a
> > > whole village
> > >  to Ghanaians(Ghan Town), there are countless Senegalese, Guineans (mostly
> > > Fulas, a village
> > >  call Pa Tubey ya), Manjagoes (Yuna village), Malians and even Europeans
> > who
> > > my family has
> > >  given land to, and all it cost them them was the price of a kilo or so of
> > > kola nuts. There is a village
> > >  call Madiana, on the outskirts of Brufut, my family gave it to Jolas for
> > > free.
> > >  So if one man wants to take countless hectares of our land in his
> > eagerness
> > > to enrich himself even more,
> > >  I think that is what what should make any fair minded person's blood boil
> > >
> > >          "I am no tribalist, but I think that this land affair is
> > something
> > > that
> > >          definitely needs to be looked at. It just does not make sense to
> > me
> > > that some
> > >          Gambians can have claim to certain lands when this is not evenly
> > > applied as
> > >          far as every group in Gambia is concerned.
> > >          Am I to believe that my Gambian brothers and sisters whose klans,
> > > groups, etc
> > >          can lay claim to  land and  other groups are not entield to the
> > same
> > >          priviledge actually consider that just? If we are all Gambians,
> > then
> > > I think
> > >          we need to revisit this land issue and make sure we put a fair
> > > system in
> > >          place where every Gambian can acquire land in a uniform manner. I
> > > cannot see
> > >          myself as comrades to people who say they abhor injustice and are
> > > fighting
> > >          for justice with me, but who at the same time conveniently chuck
> > > this land
> > >          issueto tribalism when it is very clear that definitley not all
> > > Gambians have
> > >          equal rights when it comes to this issue."
> > >
> > >  Mrs Joh, I tell you something which am sure is deluding you here, there
> > was
> > > no such place as The
> > >  Gambia when we owned these lands. So how can it belong to all Gambians?
> > Even
> > > the white Europeans/colonialist
> > >  recognized traditional land ownership, for after all when they wanted to
> > > settle in
> > >  the then Bathurst, they bought it form the King of Niumi( or Kombo).
> > >  There were tiny kingdoms, like the Kombo, Niumi, Badibu kingdoms etc, and
> > > within these kingdoms
> > >  we had clans. So if you are taking to task the traditional way of land
> > > ownership, then maybe you should
> > >  travel back in time and change the way Africans had always lived their
> > > lives. Lord people could be born in
> > >  the UK, but they still do not have right to land. Land was and is still
> > > owned by traditional owners here.
> > >  There is a plague at my former university saying how  the land it stands
> > on
> > > was donated in 1862 by
> > >  Lord Henry Robinson Hartley whose family has since time immemorial owned
> > > that part of Southampton.
> > >
> > >  Have a good day
> > >  Manneh >>
> > >
> > >
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > >
> > > To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L
> > > Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html
> > > You may also send subscription requests to
> > [log in to unmask]
> > > if you have problems accessing the web interface and remember to write
> > your full name and e-mail address.
> > >
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
> >
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L
> Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html
> You may also send subscription requests to [log in to unmask]
> if you have problems accessing the web interface and remember to write your full name and e-mail address.
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L
Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html
You may also send subscription requests to [log in to unmask]
if you have problems accessing the web interface and remember to write your full name and e-mail address.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------