Hamjatta,

I must begin by exposing your subjectively limited conception of social
science. You accused me of the following:

+ACI-In your piece, you distanced yourself from belief systems and faith in
social systems as a social scientist. You are not the first to do or attempt
this. This is academic suicide in the long run as Auguste Comte realised
after those long embittered academic frustrations and stuck in the
intellectual wilderness. Auguste Comte, the father of Sociology on whom
modern social sciences owe a lot of gratitude, attempted and espoused this
position very famously when he derided, scoffed at and chided metaphysics,
belief systems and faiths. Famously he declared that there is no depth in
darkness+ADs- that beyond reason, empiricism and the naked eye there could be no
vision for anything. This is an intellectual cul-de-sac. For there is depth
in darkness. Reason and empirism have their limits+ADs- to often than not they
have relied on PrePlatonic and Socratic  experience, intuition and +ACI-grope in
the darkness+ACI- methodology as philosophical inquiry into truth and knowledge.
Contrary to your contention, Political Science, Economics and Cultural
Studies are inextricably hooked. They are symmetries that overlap into what
you Social Scientists asssume to be each's demarcated traditional
terrritory. A good Political Scientist is one fluid on both Economics and
Cultural Studies. And vice versa.+ACI-

Hamjatta, where have I stated that political science, economics and culture
should be conceived in isolation? How can you categorise me on the basis of
your mistaken notion of how social scientists see the world and argue
vehemently that like Auguste Comte, I am heading for academic suicide in the
long run? Does this not constitute a deceptive twisting of my point of view?

I am sure you will not accept that you are plagued with an impotence of the
faculties of differentiation and discernment. However, the fact that you
have sank into this theoretical muddle indicates to me  that you either do
not fully comprehend what I have been trying to say by asserting that I do
not hold Pan Africanism as a belief or that you saw the opportunity to
philosophize on common place notions that have no bearing to the point at
issue.

It is, therefore, important to unravel the muddle you have placed before the
readers which has alloyed your conception with so much confusion that one
cannot distinguish what is what. During my early childhood days, we used to
believe that too much learning leads to mental disturbance. As I tried to
comprehend what you are really trying to say, I could understand how
confused a person can get by trying to understand ideas that are barren of
clarity.

First and foremost, allow me to assert that I do not belong to a school of
thought which attributes paternalistic platitudes such as 'fathers of
nations', 'fathers of sociology', and so on and so forth. It is important to
do a lot of reading. However, it is equally important to fully digest what
you are reading. One must take ownership of knowledge instead of simply
borrowing high sounding phrases for regurgitation. This is symptomatic of
those who engage in academic work just for its sake.

Allow me to state very simple concepts in a simple manner so that it can be
understood by even a simpleton.

Science is the pursuit of the true nature of things and society. Science
deals with the knowable. Belief, however, may sink into the unknowable. It
can deal with phenomena that is beyond comprehension. Since science is the
pursuit of the essence of things, one must study the nature of things before
one can have scientific knowledge.

Suffice it to say, nature and society are in a constant process of change
and development. Hence everything is and is also in a state of becoming.
This makes reality and relativity to be the two sides of the coins of
natural and social existence. This process of being and becoming gives rise
to quantitative changes in form and to qualitative changes in essence.
Science is the study of these movements and changes. It helps us to
understand the process of movement+ADs- its nature and characteristics, as well
as its consequences. To put it succinctly, you cannot sit down just one day
and just say that I believe I can invent an engine and invent one. One must
have knowledge of how to make machines.

Furthermore, it is abundantly clear that human beings have to eat, drink and
have shelter. They must also propagate their own kind. This compelled them
to create society. In their relation, they developed common ways of doing
things that we can call norms which lead to a common way of life that we
call culture. These norms can be transmitted from one generation to another
in a process of acculturation.

Politics deals with the science of the state. The state has not always
existed, but came at a given stage of development of human society when
rulers emerged in distinction to the ruled. However, without human beings
living in a given way of life you cannot have the ruled and rulers. Suffice
it to say, without the basic necessities of life, you cannot have human
beings who would live in a given way of life. Who then can deny the linkages
between economics, culture and politics at a given stage of human
development?

Sfufice it to say, how people produce and how they distribute what they
produce are knowable. We can study it to understand the nature and
characteristics of a given economic system. Without studying the true nature
and characteristics of society, one cannot be called a social scientist. One
cannot just simply say that I believe the nature of this society is this or
that. One must study the society to apprehend its true nature and
characteristics.

Since Pan Africanism is a social phenomenon, it has to reflect a corpus of
economic, political and cultural programmes and policies which could make it
a reality. One must study the economic, political and social factors which
make it a viable option for development in the African continent. This is
precisely the reason why I said that I do not hold a Pan African belief. I
do hold that the economic, political and cultural programmes that could be
classified under Pan Africanism are viable.  This is the simple and
elementary message that I sought to convey.

I must add that those who believe in a given social system or another
without having full knowledge of their true nature and characteristics end
up being dogmatic. Such are the people you classify as utopian dreamers.
Hence the following view you have expressed is a collossal misconception:
+ACI-I've always thought of you as Socialist and Socialists do believe in some
belief systems which have utopian oulooks. Am  I missing out on somdething?
Humour me
please.  I will await your usual wiseacres on these.+ACI-

You are definitely missing the point, Hamjatta.

A social scientist, therefore, can study the beliefs and religions of human
beings, but cannot transform social science into a belief and still remain a
social scientist. Since beliefs can expand into the realm of the unknown and
unproveable to our naked senses, tolerance must be exercised for those who
hold them. No one can dictate what one is to believe. There should,
therefore, be no compulsion in matters of belief. The antagonism that some
read between science and belief, in religion or others is not a necessity.
Even the religious person has to have a thorough knowledge of nature and
society in order to be able to harness from nature and society what is
essential for the survival of human beings.

On the other hand, no one can live by choosing not to eat, drink or consume
nutrients for the survival of the body of the human being. I hope my views
are clear on this score.

Your prediction of academic suicide or embittered academic frustration for
those who do not have faith in social systems is a horrifying example of the
barrenness and paltriness of your conceptions of social science. This is the
first point. Let us move to the second point, that is, the issue of Koro
Ceesay.

You wrote: +ACI-When the death and manner of death of Ousman Koro Ceesay was
announced, as to be expected with a nation hanging on the throes of a
Hobbesean fear, there was an alarming paranoia, hysteria and knee jerk
reactions that were absolutely out of proportion. The ruling council and
apologists were thrown into a state of panic. Again you unwittingly
(wittingly?) came to the rescue.
Your so called investigations into the +ACI-accident+ACI- helped calmed the
pernickety nerves of the AFPRC and its apologists. As usual you exhorted
everyone to hold its nose since claims and counter claims had the stench of
those collaborating with outsiders plotting to throw the Gambia into
anarchy. Classical Hobbesean state of fear at work.  You went on to
investigate+ADs-  investigate you did for the shoddy, warped and shrouded in
amatuerish investigative journalism that you eventually published in your
paper hogwashed with Inspector Morse codes no one can decipher possibly only
you.

+ACI-Your findings could have been the job of a novice  news hound on his/her
first assignment. What did it prove? Tosh. Yet for all your re-echoing of
the ethics journalism and cautioning of reporters to refrain from knee jerk
reports that cannot be substantiated, you entered into a hog wash mish mash
of sophistry that made Koro's looked an unfortunate +ACI-accident+ACI-. Halifa
silence sometimes speaks volumes than actual words. Where was the AFPRC
during this period?  They regrouped and strategised making passioned pleas
for information and shedding crocodile tears. Save praise Koro's work ethics
and integrity what they did do? No police investigation , no coroners
inquest, no compensation for the grief stricken family. A full police
investigation and a coroners inquest serves to vindicate the AFPRC if their
hands are as clean as they've always maintained. Why didn't they do it? You
are puzzled like me. If your neighbour's house is ransacked, and you are the
prime suspect would you Halifa forbid the police to search your house? Are
you not calling for the raising of eye brows and wagging of tongues?  I must
admit that since those confusing days to this very day, i'm none the wiser
on this issue with only endless questions. Cynically, cannily and subtly,
the APRC changed the budget speech day from June to December. For June being
the month Koro died, always had people asking questions+ADs- questions that
always leaves the APRC jumpy and fidgeting for answers. Answers even that
school children would find implausible. Perhaps you will ride to the rescue
of the Koro Ceesay family and make fresh investigations. Koro's family would
love to know how their beloved one died. They would appreciate that more
than anyone.+ACI-

Here again, Hamjatta, your common place notions and the cloudiness of your
faculties of reason have been betrayed by your inability to introduce
coherence and objectivity in your argument. Let me offer proof.

You wrote:+ACI-You went on to investigate+ADs-  investigate you did for the shoddy,
warped and shrouded in amatuerish investigative journalism that you
eventually published in your paper hogwashed with Inspector Morse codes no
one can decipher possibly only you.
Your findings could have been the job of a novice  news hound on his/her
first assignment. What did it prove? Tosh. Yet for all your re-echoing of
the ethics journalism and cautioning of reporters to refrain from knee jerk
reports that cannot be substantiated, you entered into a hog wash mish mash
of sophistry that made Koro's looked an unfortunate +ACI-accident+ACI-.+ACI-


Hamjatta, what is professional investigative journalism and how have we
departed from such professionalism in investigating Koro's death? Do you
think that through empty chatter without giving any proof you can lend
credibility to your vain assertions? Your attempt to transform facts into
fiction in such a pedantic manner makes me wonder whether you are truly
interested in helping the readers to understand our true position. An
objective analysis of our position should have led you to revisit our issue
and subsequent issues on the matter. Since you prefer to engage in rambling
instead of focusing on the evidence we gave, we will now do precisely what
you failed to do  to show how utterly deceitful you have been in making your
allegations of +ACI-amateurish investigative journalism+ACI-.

Hamjatta, you will not dispute that the duty of a journalist is to publish
the truth in good faith. One may now ask: How do we arrive at the truth? It
is not in dispute that one must seek evidence. Investigative journalism,
therefore, is the pursuit of evidence to be able to prove the truth of a
given report. Hence, if a journalist is to publish the truth, he or she
must have prima facie or unimpeachable evidence or those whose corroboration
make the story believable even if one does not have all the facts.

Now, one may ask: What is the most reliable source of getting to the fact?
The most reliable source is the eye witness. The person who sees and
testifies what he or she has seen enables us to know the truth at first
hand. The person who has heard can only give hearsay evidence. Such a person
provides a lead for a journalist to conduct more investigation in order to
come closer to the truth.

Are there other sources of evidence? Of course. Circumstantial evidence can
provide facts that a journalist can publish which can enable people to have
an idea of the truth even if one does not have sufficient evidence to state
it as the truth.

Now, if we agree on these principles as viable for investigative journalism,
we should now proceed to find out whether FOROYAA adhered to these
principles when it proceeded to investigate Koro's death. Before we give
account of FOROYAA's investigation, allow us to quote what Koro Ceesay's
father and brother have said recently to the Independent Newspaper.

According to the Independent Newspaper of December 3-5 1999 in an article
entitled KORO'S FATHER DEMANDS PROBE, +ACI-The father of the murdered former
Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, Ousman Koro Ceesay, has called on
the government to finally keep the proimise made to the family and
investigate his son's death.

+ACI- 'More than enough information has been given by somebody who is more
qualified to know about how Koro was murdered,' Koro's father, Master Sainey
Ceesay said, referring to an allegation about his son's death made recently
on the internet by former AFPRC spokesman, Ebou Jallow.

+ACI-Master Ceesay told The Independent that his family would no longer accept
the excuse given by government that investigations have been delayed due to
a lack of information from the public.

+ACI-It is five years now since the death of my son and the promise made to us
has not been kept. The family is now making a special appeal to the
government to look into the way and manner in which Koro was murdered,' he
said.

+ACI-Expressing confidence that the manner of his son's death will be made known
to Gambians and the world one day, Mr Ceesay said that his late son had
informed his mother some three weeks before his murder that he was going to
resign from his post as Finance Minister but he 'battled to stay on.'

+ACI-The retired school master described his late son as very smart and full of
initiative, which he said, 'may be the reason why he had a lot of enemies.'

+ACI- 'Koro was a man of principles. His death has created a big vacuum in the
family because he was the only son of his mother,' Mr Ceesay said.  'We will
continue to feel his absence especially the way and manner he departed+ADs- the
fact that nothing has been done keeps aggravating the feelings of the
family,' he stressed,

+ACI- 'The way and manner his life ended was the first in the history of this
country,' he observed.+ACI-

In another article dated 13-16 December 1999 under the caption KORO'S
BROTHER CRIES FOR JUSTICE, The Independent Newspaper published a full text
of Koro's brother, Mohammed Lamin Ceesay, letter which reads:

+ACI-It has been a long time since the assassination of a very faithful citizen
of this country. Ousman Koro Ceesay passed away mysteriously in a manner
that has never occurred in the history of this country. Coming to sympathise
with his family, an appeal was made by our father to the delegation of the
government led by His Excellency, the Head of State, for investigations into
the cause of death of this precious son of the land. This was to be effected
as soon as there was any clue.

+ACI-However, I must proclaim outright without any reservations that if the
stick used for beating the drum is stamped, the drum can never be beaten. In
the recent past however, the Internet message sent by Ebou Jallow, was part
and parcel of this very government, narrated the truth of the whole story.
However, to the surprise of many people, a certain time came when the whole
story was taken out of the internet from this end with instructions coming
from no one knows where. One must fully comprehend that the Internet is a
worldwide connection and that it is not visible only in The Gambia. The
Gambia is not worth one thousandth of the world in area and the truth of the
matter has been brought out to the whole world. Since this is the case, the
Gambian public would be very much content.

+ACI-Accountability and transparency will either be allowed to take its rightful
course or contradict itself. The truth of the matter is that it is in Allah
that Gambians trust and so shall we forever.

+ACI-That being the case, the truth of any mysterious matter put on to Him alone
must eventually come to light. As He said in His Quran, if anybody puts all
his hopes in Him, He will suffice you as a creator. So far, the truth has
been proclaimed by itself. Thus one could simply deduce that this was why
the initiative of removing this stuff out of the Internet was taken. As a
result, every patriotic Gambian would be very grateful if justice should
take its course - a course in the right direction as this is now to the full
knowledge of every Gambian. The Gambian public urges all international
bodies to come in and help deal with this issue. The family of the deceased
is powerless and cannot count on anybody but Allah who will definitely
suffice us by all possible means, +ACI-Inshallah+ACI-.+ACI-

Now, what is clear is that Koro's father is asking the State to investigate
into Koro's death and come to a conclusion once and for all. His brother has
referred to Ebou Jallow's memorandum and then called for a thorough
investigation.

Hence, the only source that is available is Ebou Jallow. We will later refer
to what Ebou Jallow has said. However, to help us with our analysis, it is
important to point out that what Ebou Jallow has said is that he was told by
Koro's murderer that they fooled Koro and hit him on the head with a
baseball bat and then shot him in the head at  blank range. The body was
then taken to the wood and burnt with the mercedez benz.

FOROYAA first heard about Koro's death from two responsible persons. They
indicated that they have heard that soldiers had murdered Koro. Some
indicated how a mercedez benz was escorted by pajeros with full lights on
heading towards Sukuta. The rumours were endless.

We decided to call on anybody with information to give it to us so that we
can investigate. The initial information we heard was  that Koro was
murdered and we were looking for evidence. What was strange is that no eye
witness contacted our office. All the information we were receiving could
not be authenticated. We, therefore, proceeded to look for circumstantial
evidence and what we discovered can be summarised as follows:

It was established that on 23 June 1995 Koro was present at Banjul
International Airport to see the then Chairman Jammeh off. Since he was
alive up to that period, we called for information from anybody who has seen
him or his transport after departure from the airport. Apart from what has
been read from Ebou Jallow's memorandum, no eye witness has ever approached
our office to indicate that he has seen Koro after the departure of Jammeh
on 23 June 1995 or a pajero with full lights escorting a mercedez benz or
that a strange or strange activity had taken place anywhere around the time
of Koro's death.

We reported in FOROYAA what we discovered, when our reporters visited the
site where Koro's body was found, and I must add here, that we had three rep
orters working together because of the importance of the case. We knew that
because of the sensitivity of the case, we were in a better position to be
able to report our findings should be discover foul play.

What we found at the site is the following scene: A bridge with a fresh
crack on the culvert. Interview with the villagers indicated that the crack
occurred during the night of 23 June 1995. There about, our reporters
discovered pieces that looked like glasses near the wall. Eye witnesses had
seen a burnt vehicle closed to the wall. We visited all the villages near
Sukuta and interviewed people on the Sukuta road whether they saw an
escorted mercedez benz but had received no clue. We interviewed people who
saw the mercedez benz and they acknowledged that there was a dent.

Only one person contacted our office to indicate that he suspected foul play
instead of an accident. He was taken to the site near Jamburr and asked what
he thought caused the fresh crack. According to him, it could have been
caused by a sledge hammer. We measured the wall with the crack and it was
3.7 metres long. It was made of 18 x 9 inches blocks. The crack penetrated
the other side of the wall. There were two blocks which were out of place at
the edge of the culvert. So we either had to believe that the impact on the
wall was caused by a sledge hammer or the vehicle which had burnt and in
which Koro's body was found. With this situation, and in the absence of any
other information, we indicated in our issue that the facts we had pointed
to an accident+ADs- that we had only suspicion of foul play but no evidence to
substantiate it.

We will now quote our conclusion verbatim. In our 5 July 1995 issue, we
concluded that:

+ACI-So far, we have not been provided with any evidence concerning foul play.
All that we have been able to get from one person is suspicious. It is now
left to readers to put all the pieces of oinformation we have provided and
form their own opinion.

+ACI-However, what is necessary is to come to a definitive conclusion on the
cause of death.

+ACI-Since FOROYAA cannot be a judge and cannot claim to have all the
information required to arrive at a definitive judgment, it calls on the
State to rely on the Coroner's Act Cap 7:04 to cause an enquiry to be
conducted.

+ACI-Section 5 (1) of the Act reads: +ACI-The officer in cgarge of a police station,
or any other officer specially empowered by the Minister in this behalf, on
receiving information that a person-

+ACI-(a) has committed suicide+ADs- or

+ACI-(b) has been killed by another or by an accident+ADs- or

+ACI-(c) has died under circusmatnces raising a reasonable suspicion that some
other person has committed an offence+ADs-

+ACI-shall immediately give notice thereof to the nearest Coroner, and, unless
otherwise directed by any rule made under this Act, shall proceed to the
place where the body of such deceased person is, and shall there make an
investigation and draw up a report of the apparent cause of death,
describing such wounds, fractures, bruises and other marks of injury as may
be found on the body, and stating  in what manner, or by what weapon or
instrument (if any), such marks appear to have been inflicted. The report
shall be forwarded forthwith to the nearest Coroner.

+ACI-The Supreme Court may also hold an enquiry in accordance with Section 11
(1) (a) which reads:

+ACI-Where the Chief Justice upon applicable made by or under the authority of
the Attorney General is satisfied that it is necessary or desirable to do
so, he may -

+ACI-(a) order an inquest to be held touching the death of any person.+ACI-

+ACI-Once such an inquest is held, every person who has information should be
free to divulge it to the police for investigation.

+ACI-Should a person fail to do so while the enquiry is on and then proceed to
spread rumours after a conclusion is reached by the courts, then such a
person must be deemed to be an enemy of both Koro and the nation.

+ACI-As it stands, the AFPRC continues to express shock at the death. The
following press release was issued after Chairman Jammeh went to visit
Koro's parents upom his return from the OAU Summit:

+ACI- +ACI-The chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council ahd Head of
State, Captain Yahya Jammeh, on Sunday afternoon extended his hearfelt
condolences in person to the family of the late Ousman Koro Ceesay, Minister
of Finance and Economic Affairs.

+ACI- +ACI-In an emotionally charged tribute to the late Minister, Chairman Jammeh
said that Ousman Koro Ceesay was one of the most devoted and dedicated
ministers in the AFPRC Government as manifested by his untiring efforts to
always go beyond the call of duty.

+ACI- +ACI-He was hard working, energetic and always ready to take on added
responsibility+ACI-, the Chairman said.

+ACI- +ACI-He said that Koro's death was a blow to the Gambia as a whole as Koro was
a young Gambian in his prime.  +ACI-He was one of us. Of course we miss him+ACI-,
Jammeh said.

+ACI- +ACI-He urged the Ceesay family to have faith in God pointing out that the
Police are investigating the Finance Minister's death and that their
findings will be made known in line with the AFPRC's policy of
accountability and transparency.

+ACI- +ACI-The Chairman said that it is unfortunate that the late Minister's family
did not agree to a state funeral as proposed by the AFPRC Government. +ACI-Koro
deserved more than that+ACI-, he said.

+ACI- +ACI-Chairman Jammeh said that he was personally taking responsibility for
Ousman Koro Ceesay's death because may be if it hadn't been for the
ministerial appointment, Koro would have been alive today, he said.

+ACI- +ACI-Mr Sainey Ceesay, the father of the late Minister, in reply said that he
cannot let Chairman Jammeh tyake the blame of Koro's death. Mr Sainey Ceesay
said that nobody but God is responsible for Koro's death.

+ACI- +ACI-He said that a lot has been said in the aftermath of Koro's mysterious
death, but that inspite of all that the Ceesay family does not blame the
government for what happened to Koro.

+ACI- +ACI-Mr Ceesay, however, urged the government to ask the right questions to
get to the bottom of the matter.

+ACI- +ACI-He said that the family is wondering why Koro went so far out of town
alone towards Jamburr village on a rainy night like Friday June 20th.

+ACI- +ACI-He concluded that Koro lives in the person of Chairman Jammeh and members
of the AFPRC. +ACI-I see Koro in all of you+ACI-, he said.

+ACI-In his introductory remarks, the Minister of the Interior, Captain Lamin
Bajo, expressed the AFPRC government's heartfelt condolences reiterating
that the Chairman wanted to cut his Addis Ababa trip short and return home
in time for the funeral but the unavailability of the right flight
connections back to the Gambia, made it impossible.

+ACI- +ACI-The Chairman was accompanied to the Dippa kunda residence of the Ceesay
family by the Minister of External Affairs, Mr Baboucarr Blaise jagne, the
Spokesman of the AFPRC, Captain Ebou Jallow and senior government officials.

+ACI- +ACI-The delegation was also received at ceesay kunda by the mother of the
late Ousman Koro Ceesay, Mrs Fatoumata Ceesay, a former nominated MP and
other members of Koro's family.+ACI-

+ACI-Koro is gone but his body is still to rest in peace as rumours abound.
Genuine concern for him compels everyone to begin to search for the truth
rather than rely on speculations. Our information Bureau is still open for
fresh evidence. We are ever determined to spend energy, time and resources
to get to the truth of this matter.+ACI-

This was what we wrote on the 5 July 1995. Here, it is clear since 5 July
1995, FOROYAA has called for a Coroner's Inquest. It was the first to refer
to the law and then called for such inquest. No Gambian paper had gone that
far at the time.

Needless to say, there is a Bar association, there are human rights
organisatiobns, there are imams and priests, there are men and women of
status in this society. The former politicians were also here. What did
anybody do that was more than what we did? What is anybody doing now that is
more than what we did?

And let me inform you that during Koro's burial ceremony many people were
present and the then Vice Chairman, Singhatey was the one who addressed the
gathering on behalf of the state while Jammeh was away. There was total
calm. How then can you accuse Halifa Sallah of being the source of the
calmness? What part did Halifa Sallah play to ensure this calmness at the
funeral in the face of the Vice Chairman? Even an attempt by Koro's mother
to see the body met the disapproval of the imam who threatened to leave if
that happened. Thre burial took place without incident because no one was
truly sure of what was responsible for Koro's death. This uncertainty is
what is compelling his family to call for an investigation which we have
done before all those who are now standing on political platforms to exploit
sentiments for their own opportunist ends. We knew Koro well and are not
willing to carry out cheap propaganda for cheap popularity through his death

This is why those who talk today as if they really cared about Koro when
they had those same mouths to raise their voices when the incident was fresh
are the ones who should hang their heads in shame for hypocrites they are.
We work with our conscience and our conscience is clear that we relied on
the facts we had to publish what we published in good faith. There is no
single human being on Gambian soil who can say that he or she gave us
information that we did not publish. We interviewed the American Charge
d'affaire, experts on mercedez benz as we pursued the truth. We did
everything that was possible to get to the facts and we concluded, as
everybody is concluding now, that there should be a Coroner's Inquest to get
to the truth. What then is our crime or folly? The fact of the matter is
that the State should hold a Coroner's Inquest. If it fails to do so,
anybody can speculate whatever one wants. However, no one has the moral
authority to question our integrity because of the manner we approached this
issue.

I will close here for today.


Halifa Sallah.

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