Hi Friends,
Good day to you all.

I think the best mail I have read concerning GRTS digital radio is the brother who said that both digital and analog signals can be transmitted at the same time and depending on the type of receiver one have, one can receive which ever signal ones receiver can.  So it is possible for the GRTS's new radio station to be a digital station and not a mistake.

In UK here I know that some radio stations are transmitting in digital for better quality sound and less bandwith as somebody mentioned earlier and yet the digital radio receivers are just about to come out in the market at about £99.00 / set.  We do not have to wait until everybody have a digital radio receiver before we think of installing one as the world is going digital and sooner or later every one will have to move with it or left behind especially when it is a gift.  90% of the analog radios can receive the signals with better sound as normarly all the inhouse production can be process digitally using analog-to-digital converters and feed into a digital-to-analog converter connected just before the transmitter for onward transmission for better quality sound reception by the analog radios receivers.  So please let us be proud of our nation and welcome this good gesture from the French Goverment, though we were not colonised by the French.  I am really disturbed when people critise good things, especially when it is free, no conditions attached and  directly benifits the Gambia people.  Are the Gambians not sofisticated and deserve such advance technology, or do wish that all the new radio and TV stations in the near future be the old nosiy obsolete AM type?  Hey my friends let us be positve at times, we want to move forward, even if not in all areas, those that we can, lets do it.  MAKE HAY WHILES THE SUN SHINES.

Just to add to my argument, please continue to read these two sinarios.

1)  Before there were only black and white TVs.  Then come colour TV. To save bandwith it was decided that both LUMINANCE ( Y ) (for black and white TV) and COLOUR DIFFERENCE ( U and V ) (for colour TV) signals should be transmitted at the same time because some people are still (up to date 01-03-02) are still using black and white TV in the UK.  Gradually those who wanted to and those who can afford it changed to colour TV sets.  It would have been too expensive too as it would require to seperate transmitters and seperate bandwiths all the way.  Now some TV stations are tranmitting in digital but only very few people can afford digital TV sets, so instead there set-top boxes which people can buy or hire and still receive digital signals via their exsisting analog TV sets.

2)  Before there were only mono radio receivers.  Then came stereo set.  Again to save bandwith and money, the decided to transmit the sum and difference of the left and right channels via the same transmitter so that both mono and stereo radio owners can receive the same program at the same time.

Finally those who are researching from books and the Internet, I will apeal to please mention your references which I think is just fair them if only you are cutting and pasting from their work.

Thank for your time to read my contribution on this topic and to those who contributed I also enjoyed reading your contributions.

NO HARD FEELINGS TO ANYBODY.  I SHALL ALSO TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO WISH YOU ALL A HAPPY AND VERY SUCESSFUL NEW YEAR 2002. Better late than never.

Cheers,

Rodine.

=================================================================



>From: Mohinder Bains
>Reply-To: The Gambia and related-issues mailing list
>
>To: [log in to unmask]
>Subject: Re: Daft or Inept
>Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2002 20:33:12 +0000
>
>Jungle wrote:
>
>"
>>spectrum technology to send digital information. A spread spectrum system
>is
>one in which the transmitted signal is spread
>over a wide frequency band, much wider, in fact, than the minimum bandwidth
>required to transmit the information being sent. This technology is used
>in
>cordless phones as well as to send control
>signals to probes and satelites.>"
>
>I dont think this has anything to do with a digital FM station. If that is
>what you are insinuating then the radio receivers would need a far more
>sophisticated circuitry to capture the signals being broadcast thus adding
>to the cost of what is already deemed very expensive. In fact this was
>done
>in order to facilitate the integrity of the USA Military communication
>across their military network ( Although some aspects of the technique are
>being exploited by Cellular Networks).
>
>Simply put, spread spectrum is a method by which a normally-narrowband
>radio
>signal is spread out to a much wider bandwidth before transmission takes
>place. Upon reception of the signal, the receiver recovers the original
>narrowband signal through the reverse process, naturally referred to as
>despreading. Spreading and despreading can be accomplished in many ways,
>but
>are usually done using one of two common techniques, direct sequence and
>frequency hopping.
>
>In direct sequence, the radio signal is multiplied by a pseudo-random
>sequence (PRBS) whose bandwidth is much greater than that of the signal
>itself, thereby spreading its bandwidth. In frequency hopping, the
>pseudo-random sequence is used to move the radio signal about, in a random
>fashion,across a broad frequency band (i.e. the frquency divided into sub-
>bands).
>
>Regardless of the spreading technique used, the purpose for doing so is to
>exploit one or more of the many benefits of spread spectrum:
>Interference rejection, signal hiding, frequency band sharing
>(code-division
>multiplexing)and anti-jam properties, which I hope is not a needed facet
>for
>a commercial Radio station. Why would a Radio Station hides its signals?
>
>In conclusion, the protocols underlying the use of these spread spectrum
>techniques requires them to operate under different architectures. One is
>ideal for an Infracstructure Network whilst the other is used in AD-Hoc
>networks as stipulated by the IEEE 802.11b standard for wireless.
>
>Even though Simulcast transmission was to be used the argument for
>justifying it(thus adding to recurring costs)in the present time would not
>be a sensible proposition.
>
>I hope this underpin what I surmised as to your understanding in earlier
>posting.
>
>Thanks
>Mohin
>
>
>
>
>
>
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Mr Rodine Renner

John Moores University, Broadcast Technology

Liverpool, UK.

Tel: 0781 3899802



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