Asalaamu alaikum G-L,
Alhamdulillah wasallalaahu wasallim ala Nabiyyina Muhammad. As promised, we
begin our lessons on purification with a comprehensive piece by Sheick
al-Munajjid on ghusl (janaaba-major purification).
The Sheickh (may Allah protect him) wrote:
Praise be to Allaah.
If you are referring to the ritual bath of ghusl, then the answer is as
follows:
Al-Bukhaari reported in al-Saheeh (248) from ‘Aa’ishah that when the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did ghusl to
purify himself from janaabah (impurity following intercourse), he
would start by washing his hands, then he would do wudoo’ as for
prayer, then he would dip his fingers into the water and make the
water reach the roots of his hair, then he would pour water over his
head three times, scooping the water up with both hands, and then he
would pour water over his entire body.
Al-Haafiz said in al-Fath (1/248): “… he would start by washing the
parts of the body ordinarily washed in wudoo’ in order to honour
them, and so as to include both kinds of purification, the minor and
the major…”
Al-Haafiz also said (1/362): “Al-Bukhaari also understood this to mean that
it is waajib when making ghusl to purify oneself from janaabah to wash
oneself once, and that the one who does wudoo’ with the intention of making
ghusl and then washes the rest of his body does not have to repeat his
wudoo’ if he does not do anything to break it [e.g., pass wind, etc.]”
Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni (1/217): There are two ways of
making ghusl to purify oneself from janaabah, one of which is
sufficient, and the other is the perfect way. What al-Khiraqi mentions here
is the perfect way. Some of our companions said: the perfect way includes
ten things: the niyyah (intention), saying ‘Bismillah…’ (In the name of
Allaah…), washing the hands three times, washing away whatever dirt is
there, doing wudoo’, pouring water over the head three times making sure
that it reaches the roots, pouring water over the rest of the body, starting
on the right side, rubbing one’s body with one's hand and moving from the
place where one has done ghusl in order to wash one's feet. It is mustahabb
to make sure that the water reaches the roots of the hair on one's head and
beard before
pouring water over them. Ahmad said: Ghusl to purify oneself from
janaabah should be done in the manner described in the hadeeth
narrated from ‘Aa’ishah, who said: ‘When the Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) did ghusl to purify
himself from janaabah (impurity following intercourse), he would start
by washing his hands three times, then he would do wudoo’ as for
prayer, then he would run his fingers through his hair until he thought the
water had reached his scalp, then he would pour water over his head three
times, scooping the water up with both hands, and then he
would wash the rest of his body.’ (Agreed upon). Maymoonah said:
‘The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) did wudoo’ to purify himself from janaabah, then he poured
water on his hands and washed them two or three times, then he
poured some water from his right hand into his left, and washed his
private parts, then he struck his hand on the floor or wall two or three
times, then he rinsed his mouth and his nose, and washed his face and
forearms, then he poured water on his head, then he washed his entire
body, then he moved slightly and washed his feet. Then I brought him
a cloth, but he did not want it, and he started to wipe the water away
with his hands.” (Agreed upon). A lot of the requirements (of ghusl)
are listed in these two hadeeth. Beginning on the right is important
because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
liked to always start on the right when purifying himself. According to
a hadeeth narrated from ‘Aa’ishah, when the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did ghusl to purify
himself from janaabah, he would call for something like a
milking-vessel, and he would take some water in his hands, then he
would start with the right side of his head, then the left. Then he
would take some water in his hands and start pouring it over his
head.” (Agreed upon). With regard to washing the feet after doing
ghusl, there was some dispute as to what Ahmad actually said.
According to one report, he said, ‘I would rather wash them (the feet)
after doing wudoo’, because of the hadeeth of Maymoonah.’
According to another report, he said, ‘We should act according to the
hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah, which says that he did wudoo’ for prayer before
doing ghusl.’ And Allaah knows best.
He said: “If he does ghusl once and makes water reach every part of
his head and body, and does not do wudoo’, that should be sufficient
if he rinses his mouth and nose and has the intention to do ghusl and
wudoo’, but in this case is not doing that which is better.”
What is mentioned here is what is sufficient, but the perfect way is
preferable, which is why he said “he is not doing that which is better”
i.e., if he does no more than that, this is sufficient even though he is not
doing what is perfect and preferable. The phrase “has the intention
to do ghusl and wudoo’” means that ghusl is sufficient for both if he
has the intention for both. This is what was stated by Ahmad. Another
opinion was also narrated from him, which is that ghusl is not
sufficient for wudoo’ unless he does wudoo’ either before or after
ghusl. This is also one of the two opinions of al-Shaafa’i, because the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did that, and
because both janaabah (major impurity) and hadath (minor impurity)
are present, and purification from both is required.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“… approach not al-salaah (the prayer) when you are in a drunken
state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you
are in a state of janaabah (i.e., in a state of sexual impurity and
have not yet taken a bath) except when travelling on the road, till
you wash your whole body…” [al-Nisa’ 4:43]
So the lack of ghusl has been made the factor that prevents a person
from praying, and if a person has done ghusl, he has no reason not to
pray. Both are acts of worship of the same type. In ghusl a lesser type
is incorporated in a major type, as ‘umrah is incorporated in Hajj.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Birr said: The one who does ghusl to purify himself from
janaabah, if he does not do wudoo’ but he makes water reach every
part of his body, he has done what is required of him, because Allaah
has enjoined upon the one who is in a state of janaabah to do ghusl,
not wudoo’, when He says (interpretation of the meaning): “… if you
are in a state of janaabah (i.e., had a sexual discharge), purify
yourself (bathe your whole body.” [al-Maa’idah 5:6]. This is the
consensus of the scholars and there is no dispute among them; they
are agreed that it is mustahabb to do wudoo’ before doing ghusl, in
emulation of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) and because this reinforces and perfects ghusl.
And Allaah knows best.
O' Allah, remove our sins from us as You remove dirt from a bright white
cloth. O' Allah, cleanse us from our sins with water, ice and snow.
Allahumma salli wasallim ala Nabiyyina Muhammad. Wasalaam.
Modou Mbye
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