* Today in Black History - December 1 *
1641 - Massachusetts becomes the first colony to give statutory
recognition to the institution of slavery.
1821 - Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) proclaims independence
from Spain.
1873 - The 43rd Congress (1873-75) convenes with seven African
American congressmen: Richard H. Cain, Robert Brown
Elliott, Joseph H. Rainey and Alonzo J. Ransier, South
Carolina; James T. Rapier, Alabama; Josiah T. Walls,
Florida; John R. Lynch, Mississippi.
1873 - Mifflin Wister Gibb is elected city judge in Little Rock,
Arkansas and becomes the first African American to hold
such a position.
1873 - Bennett College (Greensboro, North Carolina) and Wiley
College (Marshall, Texas) are founded.
1874 - Queen Esther Chapter No. 1, Order of the Eastern Star, is
established at 708 O Street, N.W., Washington, DC in the
home of Mrs. Georgiana Thomas. The first Worthy Matron
is Sister Martha Welch and the first Worthy Patron is
Bro. Thornton A. Jackson. This establishes the first
Eastern Star Chapter among African American women in the
United States.
1877 - Jonathan Jasper Wright, the first African American state
supreme court justice, resigns from the state supreme
court in South Carolina. He resigns knowing that whites
would soon force him off the bench after overthrowing
the Reconstruction government. He will later join the
ancestors on February 19, 1885, in obscurity, of
tuberculosis.
1934 - Paul Williams is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He will
become Billy Paul, rhythm and blues singer, best known for
his song, "Me and Mrs. Jones". The song, recorded in 1972
will earn him a Grammy Award. He will also be known for the
1973 album and single "War of the Gods" which blends his more
conventional pop, soul, and funk styles with electronic and
psychedelic influences. He will be one of the many artists
associated with the Philadelphia soul sound created by Kenny
Gamble, Leon Huff, and Thom Bell. He will be identified by his
diverse vocal style which ranges from mellow and soulful to
low and raspy. Questlove of the Roots will equate him to Marvin
Gaye and Stevie Wonder, calling him "one of the criminally
unmentioned proprietors of socially conscious post-revolution
'60s civil rights music." He will join the ancestors on April
24, 2016.
1933 - Louis Allen "Lou" Rawls is born in Chicago, Illinois. He will
release more than 60 albums, sell more than 40 million records,
and have numerous charting singles, most notably his song "You'll
Never Find Another Love Like Mine". He will work as a film,
television, and voice actor. He will also be a three-time Grammy
winner, all for Best Male Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance. He will
also be a strong supporter of African American colleges, as host of
the annual UNCF telethon. He will join the ancestors on January 6,
2006.
1940 - Richard Franklin Lennox Pryor III is born in Peoria, Illinois. Raised
in a brothel owned by his grandmother, Pryor will try music as a
drummer before his big comedy break on "The Ed Sullivan Show" and a
series of successful, Grammy-winning comedy albums. Pryor will also
make movies, most notably "Stir Crazy" and "Silver Streak". He will
also battle drug abuse and illness in his career, including his near
death from burns inflicted while freebasing cocaine and a battle
against multiple sclerosis. He will join the ancestors on December 5,
2005.
1955 - Rosa Parks, a seamstress, refuses to take a back seat on a Montgomery,
Alabama bus. Her refusal to move will result in her arrest and will
begin a 382-day boycott of the bus system by African Americans and
mark the beginning of the modern American Civil Rights movement.
1958 - The Central African Republic is made an autonomous member of the French
Commonwealth of Nations.
1980 - George Rogers, of the University of South Carolina, is named the Heisman
Trophy winner. He will go on to achieve success with the Washington
Redskins.
1980 - United States Justice Department sues the city of Yonkers, New York,
citing racial discrimination.
1981 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar surpasses Oscar Robertson as basketball's second all-
time leading scorer (second only to Wilt Chamberlain). Kareem gets to the
total of 26,712 points as the Los Angeles Lakers beat the Utah Jazz 117-86.
Chamberlain's record will fall in 1984, when Kareem's scores reach 31,259.
Kareem will wind up his career in 1989 with 38,387 points.
1982 - Michael Jackson's album "Thriller" is released and will go on to become the
best-selling album in history, with over 40 million copies sold worldwide.
1987 - James Baldwin, author, joins the ancestors in St. Paul de Vence, France, of
stomach cancer, at the age of 63. He explored the plight of oppressed African
Americans in 20th century America in a variety of literary forms. His output
included novels and plays, but it was above all, as an essayist, that he
achieved a reputation as the most literary spokesman in the struggle for civil
rights in the 1950s and 1960s. His three most important collection of essays
were "Notes of a Native Son" in 1955, "Nobody Knows My Name" in 1961, and "The
Fire Next Time" in 1963. The most highly regarded of his novels were the first
three, "Go Tell It on the Mountain" in 1953, "Giovanni's Room" in 1956, and
"Another Country" in 1962.
1989 - Dancer and choreographer Alvin Ailey joins the ancestors in New York City. Ailey
began his professional career with Lester Horton, founded, and was the sole
director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in 1958. Initially performing
four concerts annually, he took the company to Europe on one of the most
successful tours ever by an American dance troupe. Among his honors were the
NAACP's Spingarn Medal in 1977, and Kennedy Center Honors.
1992 - Pearl Stewart becomes the first African American woman editor of the Oakland
Tribune, which has a circulation of over 100,000.
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