Mr. Kebbeh, Thanks for shedding some light on this. With our limited knowledge on this technology, I really think that an understanding of the debate could be much clearer with some background information. It just goes to show the immense know-how and resourses the gambia has to take advantage of from this pull of technologically savy fellow gambians. Again thanks for adding to the ISSUE. Best Regards, Ablie Njie-Lekbi >From: "Morrie K. Kebbeh" <[log in to unmask]> >Reply-To: The Gambia and related-issues mailing list ><[log in to unmask]> >To: [log in to unmask] >Subject: Re: New GRTS FM digital radio >Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 13:35:29 -0800 > >Mr. Gassama, > >I’d like to differ with you on the following >statement: “All FM transmissions are digital”. >Frequency Modulation (FM), Amplitude Modulation (AM), >and Phase Modulation (PM) are only used in the analog >world. In digital transmission, they are referred to >as FSK, ASK, and PSK respectively. The principle of >Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Amplitude Shift Keying, >and Phase Shift Keying is to convert a digital signal >into an analog signal so that the digital bit stream >can be effectively transported over and analog system, >such as the airlink of a radio or a cellular network. > > >Mr. Njie, > >Here is some information on AM and FM. I hope this >helps. > >Amplitude Modulation: The amplitude of the >carrier/transporting signal is modulated or changed >according to the magnitude of the message signal. For >example, if you raise your voice over the phone, the >amplitude of the carrier signal will rise accordingly. >So the loader you speaker, the larger the amplitude of >the carrier signal. > >Frequency Modulation: The frequency of the >carrier/transporting signal is modulated or changed >according to the size of the message signal. > >Here are some advantages of FM over AM: > >1.Better output signal or less interference, thus, >better voice quality. > >2.Smaller interference between neighboring stations. >3.Less radiated power. > >4.More capacity (users) in the case of cellular or PCS >networks. > > >Disadvantages of FM over AM: > >1.More bandwidth. > >2.Very expensive because of the use of complex >receivers, transmitters, and filters. > > >Ms. Astrid, > >I think the word digital is incorrectly used. If that >is not the case, then “Gambians will now have to have >a special digital receiver”. From what I understand, >no known ‘digital radio’ station is commercially >operating in the U.S. > >Do you wonder what happens if you try to use your >regular AM/FM analog receiver to tune to a ‘digital >radio’ station? Well, you will experience very >unpleasant beeps and buzzes. I hope this helps. > >Cheers, > >Morrie K. > > > >__________________________________________________ >Do You Yahoo!? >Yahoo! Greetings - Send FREE e-cards for every occasion! >http://greetings.yahoo.com > ><<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>> > >To view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface >at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html >To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >[log in to unmask] > ><<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>> _________________________________________________________________ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp. <<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>> To view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] <<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>