Hi Rodine, Thanks for adding to this debate. However, from your statement below, think you are missing the substance of our (at least mine) argument(s). You said: "I am really disturbed when people critise good things, especially when it is free, no conditions attached and directly benifits the Gambia people. Are the Gambians not sofisticated and deserve such advance technology, or do wish that all the new radio and TV stations in the near future be the old nosiy obsolete AM type?" I did not write to disapprove of the new FM station. I only wrote to rectify Mr. Gassama, and help enlighten some of the folks who are not familiar with this FM/AM stuff. Thus, I don't believe am criticizing by indicating that: 1. NOT all FM transmissions are digital. 2. if the new station is indeed a digital station, then Gambians have to have a digital receiver to tune in. In this paragraph, you said: "In UK here I know that some radio stations are transmitting in digital for better quality sound and less bandwith as somebody mentioned earlier and yet the digital radio receivers are just about to come out in the market at about £99.00 / set." Yes, digital transmission gives better sound quality, however, it uses MORE bandwidth compared to an analog transmission. There is a trade-off, i.e., give up more spectrum for a better sound quality. The extra bandwidth is used in complex processes like: 1. Baseband processing (PCM) - sampling, quantizing, waveform coding etc. 2. Modulation - ASK, FSK, PSK 3. Selection 4. Demodulation This is just to name a few of the processes. Anyway, thanks a bunch for your contributions this topic. Cheers, Morrie K. __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Greetings - Send FREE e-cards for every occasion! http://greetings.yahoo.com <<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>> To view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] <<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>//\\<<//\\>>