Foroyaa Newspaper Burning Issues Issue No. 95/2004, 2-5 December, 2004 Editorial New Budget Will Widen Gap Impoverishment and misery to continue The 2005 budget that the government wants the National Assembly to approve will simply widen the gap between those at the top and the rest of those who receive their salaries from the consolidated revenue fund. Secretaries of State, the Secretary General and the speaker of the National Assembly are to receive D170,000 compared to D86,400 this year. In short, their salaries are to be doubled at one go while civil servants (apart from the Secretary General) are to receive an increase of about a tenth of their salary. This of course excludes the responsibility allowance and a host of other allowances, forgetting the per diems and fringe benefits that they enjoy. An assistant records clerk, President's Office, for example, is expected to earn D8231 per annum (D685 a month), barely sufficient to buy a bag of rice each month. The same applies to a cleaner who is expected to earn D6600 per annum or D550 per month. On the other hand while the living condition of the masses continue to worsen the debt burden continues to be high. The estimates puts it at D1,466,217,000 (one thousand four hundred and sixty six million dalasis. This amount is what will be paid from the consolidated revenue fund to creditors. In short, every Gambian will pay D1000 towards the debt. Furthermore debt interest amount to D949,680,000 (almost D950 million) for 2005. Year after year the Jammeh regime has proved itself incapable of meeting the needs and aspirations of the masses. On the contrary, members of this regime continue to enhance their livelihood at the expense of the masses whose impoverishment and misery continue increase unabated. Take the Kitty/Siffoe land dispute for example. A true servant of the people will not accept land from any party. Rather he/she will endeavour to resolve the matter between the two parties amicably. The Kitty Villagers have asked the president to return the land. Let us see whether he will act honourably. At the National Assembly Salaries of SoS & Co Ocean Bay D351M Spent Auditor General's Report Soon? By Abdoulie G. Dibba Salaries of SoS's and Speaker To Double The Secretary of State for Finance and Economic Affairs has drafted his the estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for 2005, which was to have been laid before the National Assembly yesterday evening. Debate on the estimates is expected next Monday, the 6th of December 2005. The estimates contain all the revenue that the government expects to derive and all the expenditure that it expects to incur. This includes salaries. In short, the expenditure the government is proposing is for the salaries of Secretaries of State, the speaker of the National Assembly and the Secretary General to double, that is, from D86,400 to D170,000 per annum. The salary of the President has not been indicated as required by law. National Assembly members should draw the attention of the Secretary of State to this. Meanwhile, the following development took place during the sitting of Monday 29th November 2004. The Annual Estimates of Recurrent Revenue and Expenditure with Development Expenditure for the Fiscal Year 2005 (January to December) was scheduled on Monday 29th November 2004 for presentation to the National Assembly by the Secretary of State for Finance and Economic Affairs Bala Musa Gibril Gaye. This however was turned down by Deputies arguing that section 70 of the standing order indicated among other things that the Estimates or a copy of the Estimates should be submitted to the National Assembly members five clear days before its presentation. This provision the members said was not honoured. Some members argued that the constitution supercedes the standing order and that the constitutional provision is saying that the Estimates shall be presented thirty days before the end of the financial year. The speaker of the house told Deputies to allow the SoS to present the Estimates and then adjourn for the debate to be done the following day. The speaker indicated that they have to do so because the Estimates have to be approved within 14 days. According to Deputies, the Estimates could even be disapproved within the 14 days. They argued that they have to go with the provision of the standing order because they (the NAMs) have to critically scrutinize the Estimates since they will be held responsible for anything done. At this stage, the speaker proposed that the Estimates could be presented on Wednesday 1st December 2004. When they will be within the 30 days of the constitutional requirement and the debate could commence on Monday the 6th December 2004. When members could have time to go through the Estimates. At the end of the sitting, some NAMs approached this reporter and told him that the speaker wanted them to rush with the estimates because his salary is increased by double and that his house rent is about D3, 000 when very little has been increased on theirs. When this reporter contacted the speaker, he said they are on a meeting and could not comment. Auditor General's Report To Be Submitted To The National Assembly In March 2005 Covering All Govt. Institutions From 1991/92 To Date, Says Sos Gaye In responding to a question raised by the National Assembly member for Wuli West, Hon. Sidia Jatta as to when the Auditor General will submit audited accounts of the government to the National Assembly to fulfill its constitutional requirement, SoS Gaye indicated that for many years, the National Audit Office has not met its constitutional responsibility to audit and report on the accounts of government annually. This, SoS Gaye said has been due to a combination of reasons over the years including the non-production of the accounts by the Accountant General's Department at the appropriate year-ends and the acute capacity constraints within the National Audit Office to audit the backlog that was thus created. SoS Gaye pointed out that the 1998 Audit Report contained the management letter issues that arose from our regular audits of government departments and line ministries projects and other government institutions. SoS Gaye highlighted that the government accounts for the period 1991/92 to 1998 were not edited as they were yet to be produced in a proper and acceptable form from audit. The government accounts from the period 1991/92 to 1998 SoS Gaye said, were produced through the World Bank funded Technical Assistance and submitted by the Accountant General for audit in May and September 2001. The National Audit Office, he said, subsequently approached DFID for technical assistance to audit the backlog and assist in the overall capacity and institutional strengthening of the National Audit Office. SoS Gaye pointed out that initial discussion on possible support were held with a DFID designed mission to The Gambia between the 17th to 19th December 2002. The indications at the time, he said, were that the technical assistance would be secured and work would commence in April 2003. SoS Gaye pointed out that a detailed timetable was prepared setting the reporting deadline for the audit report on the accounts at 31st December 2003. This timetable, SoS Gaye said, was discussed with the Speaker in a meeting with the Auditor General in the first quarter of 2003. SoS Gaye went further to indicate that the timetable was communicated to the Permanent Secretary, Department of State for Finance and Secretary General. The DFID Technical Assistance was unfortunately delayed and the 31st December 2003 deadline could not be met, he posited. SoS Gaye pointed that this was brought to the attention of the Speaker on a comprehensive brief sent through the Clerk of the National Assembly by the Auditor General's letter, reference C185/608/01(18), dated 18th December 2003. SoS Gaye said that they are happy to report that the UK/Gambia Government Finance Governance Programme was approved in September 2004 and a Consultant from the UK National Audit Office has started work in The Gambia National Audit Office on 1st October 2004 to assist the Auditor General to audit and report on the 1991/92 to 1999 accounts. A detailed Audit Strategy has already been formulated and sent to the Accountant General's Department and work is going on, he said. SoS Gaye pointed out that the Strategy clearly sets out a timetable and a fieldwork and audit enquiries should be completed by 11th March 2005. SoS Gaye highlighted that the following reports are expected to be submitted to the National Assembly: 1. Certified accounts of The Gambia 1991/92 to 1999 will be submitted to the SoS for Finance and Economic Affairs on the 25th March 2005 to be tabled before the National Assembly by 31st March 2005. 2. High level management letter containing their observations on the accounting and internal systems of the Accountant General's Department during the audit of the backlog, recommendations to improve the systems and responses from the Accountant General, will be submitted to the SoS for Finance and Economic Affairs for submission to the National Assembly by 31st March 2005. 3. General Report covering unresolved matters arising from their regular audits of government departments and line ministries, projects and other government institutions during the period 1st January 1999 to 31st December 2002, to be submitted to the SoS for Finance and Economic Affairs for submission to the National Assembly by 31st March 2005. In addition to the steps that are being taken to clear that 1991/92 to 1999 un-audited accounts SoS Gaye said, the National Audit Office is already planning to embark on the audits of the second lot of the backlog 2000 to 2003 as soon as the accounts are produced by the Accountant General and the first lot of the backlog is cleared, he said. SoS Gaye highlighted that the DFID funded Finance Governance Programme also has components to support the National Audit Office Reform Agenda to establish a modern, independent, autonomous, professional and well resourced office so that constitutional reporting requirements are fulfilled and the National Assembly is better served. SoS Gaye pointed out that that the backlog aside, the National Audit Office continues to carry out regular audit of government institutions and reports are made available to audited institutions and copied to oversight institutions for appropriate action. SoS Gaye highlighted that audits completed recently include the Department of State for Education, Immigration Department, Accountant General's Department, Kuntaur Rice Mill and Bansang and Farafenni Hospitals. He pointed out that ongoing audits include the Department of State for Defence, Forestry, Income Tax, Customs and Excise, the Judiciary, National Council for Arts and Culture, National Council for Civic Education, Department of State for Health, Gambia-German Forestry Project, Department of Water Resources and National Environment Agency. SoS Gaye pointed out that any case involving fraud or misappropriation of government funds are treated with severe sanctions by the dire involvement of the Inspector General of Police. SoS Gaye finally indicated that these audits will form the basis of the General Report that will be submitted to the National Assembly by 31st March 2005. Social Security And Housing Finance Corporation Spent Over D351 Million On Ocean Bay Hotel During the forth sitting of the National Assembly in the 2004 legislative session, the Minority Leader and member for Serrekunda Central, Hon. Halifa Sallah raised the following question: "Mr. Speaker, would the Secretary of State for Finance and Economic Affairs indicate to this National Assembly how much Social Security and Housing Finance Corporation spent to purchase and refurbish the Ocean Bay Hotel; who the contractors and consultants were and how the current managers of the hotel have been appointed?" In response, SoS Musa Bala Gibril Gaye pointed out that the purchasing price of Ocean Bay Hotel was D45, 000, 000.00 (forty five million and dalasis) and that there furbishment and upgrading cost was D306, 145, 825.00 (three hundred and six million, one hundred and forty five thousand, eight hundred and twenty five Dalasis). Hon. SoS Gaye indicated that the General Manager of the hotel was recruited by the Consultant for the hotel project through an international executive search company. SoS Gaye pointed out that the Consultant's findings and recommendations were then submitted for consideration and approval by the SSHFC Board. SoS Gaye said that the Contractor for the hotel was Emporium Construction and Furnishing Ltd and the Consultant was the Kairaba Beach Hotel. Regarding the recruitment of the management of the hotel, Hon. Gaye said a recruitment sub-committee was established by the SSHFC Board comprising: 1. Managing Director, SSHFC; 2. Managing Director, Ocean Bay Hotel and resort; 3. A representative of the SSHFC Board of Directors. SoS Gaye finally pointed out that the sub-committee's recommendations were submitted to the Board for consideration. DEATH KNELL FOR MEDIA COMMISSION During the forth meeting of the National Assembly in the 2004 Legislative Session, which is now on the Secretary of State for Communication, Information and Technology is expected to table a Bill to repeal the National Media Commission Act 2002. The Bill states in clause 2 (1) that, "The National Media Commission Act, 2002 is hereby repealed, and the National Media Commission is consequently dissolved." It states further in section 2 subsection 2 that, "The repeal of the enactment…does not affect anything done or purported to have been done under the enactment." Apart from the Media Commission Act, a Bill to amend the Newspaper Act is also to be tabled. Section 210 of the constitution is also to be revoked. The proposed amendment stipulates: "The constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, 1997 is hereby amended by deleting section 210." We shall refrain from commenting on these until we see the contents of the Newspaper (Amendment) Bill 2004. AMRC PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE IN PROGRESS By Surakata Danso Mrs. Belinda Bidwell, the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly has denied rumours that the Parliamentary Committee under her leadership set up to investigate the activities of the AMRC from 1994 to date is not on course. The Deputy Speaker who is the Chairperson of the committee made these remarks at the National Assembly on Friday 26th November 2004 when she was contacted by this reporter to shed light on the rumours that the committee has suspended sittings following serious revelations of fraud and massive corruption in both cash and assets. Mrs. Bidwell intimated to FOROY AA that, "We are well in progress and any time we are ready the committee will make a report to the Assembly for the information to the public. " WHAT HAPPENED AT THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY THIS WEEK By Abdoulie G. Dibba The National Assembly on Monday deliberated on the following: 1. (i) Report on the 35th CPA Africa Region Conference held in Swaziland from the 7th - 15th August 2004. (ii) Minutes of the Select Committee on Tourism, Arts, Culture and Handicraft. 2. Questions on: a. Submission of audited accounts of government to the National Assembly by the Auditor General. b. The nature of the auditing exercise at the Central Bank. c. The cost and refurbishment of Ocean Bay Hotel. d. Implementation of the Salary Review Commission. e. The availability of salary slips. f. The building of teacher's quarters. g. The sinking of boreholes. 3. Motions on: (i) The D90.3 million OPEC loan on the Mandinaba - Soma road project. (ii) D30.08 million Micro-Finance and Capacity Building Project. See Subsequent Issues for Detailed Information. PRESIDENT JAMMEH GIVEN LAND While Villagers Cry Foul The controversial land between Kitty Village and Sifoe has now been handed over to President Jammeh. It could be recalled that these two villages were engaged in this land crisis for over ten years now. But it was finally given to the President on Sunday 28th November, 2004 by the Alkalo of Sifoe the chiefs and the commissioner of Western Division Mr. Momodou Lamin Jobarteh. On Monday 29th November 2004 the villagers of Kitty called a meeting. According to the villagers, they were call by the commissioner of Western Division at the Chief for a meeting informing them that the President would come to Kitty to see the land which was given to him by the Alkalo of Siffoe as a garden. They mentioned that the commissioner and the chief, told them that they would buy cola nuts and come and beg them so that the land can be finally given to the President for him to use it as a garden. They made it clear to the people of Kitty that whether they accept it or not the land would be given to the President; that what they were engaged in was just a formality. The villages also told them that it doesn't need to call us here as far as you people as authorities has taken a desism to give our property by force then our coming here is useless. The villagers went on to say that on 28th November, 2004 when the President went to the disputed land, villagers from both villages converged there. But after he arrived, according to the villagers of Kitty, the President went round until were the garden stops. The villagers of Kitty, however, pointed out that during the meeting they were told by both the chief of Kombo Central Mr. Dembo Santang Bojang and the commissioner of Western Division, Mr. Momodou Lamin Jobarteh that nobody from Kitty village was allowed to talk one of the youths responded but he was almost arrested by the security forces. They indicated that the persons who spoke there were the Alkalo of Siffoe, Mr. Malanding Demba, the Chief of Kombo South Sheriffo Janneh, the chief of Kombo Central Dembo Santang Bojang and the commissioner. The community of Kitty dispersed with tears back to their houses. They asked what will become of them when their land is taken. Below is a copy of the petition the villagers wrote to the President. REQUEST FOR THE REVERSAL OF LAND ALLOCATION - SIFOE/KITTY Your Excellency in seeking sustainable improvement in the quality of life, highest priority should be accorded to meeting the basic, material survival needs of the population, and this should not be negotiable. Under the present condition of the scarcity of land and Sifoe/Kitty land dispute, the people of Kitty find themselves caught in a sort of structural insecurity - one stemming from the scarcity of agricultural land. We are worried whether there will be enough food for us or whether we can gather enough wood to cook or keep warm when our land is taken away. An overwhelming majority of the population of Kitty produce its own food, and above the subsistence level, however, people need access to additional income for access to resources such as land or capital in order to generate additional income. Income distribution wherein the top 20 percent of the country earns thirty- two time what the rest earns cannot continue. The task of social policy in a context of such profound inequality is SISYPHEAN. Given the economic challenges we are facing, we have to look at survival squarely in the face. Have the people of Kitty sufficient resources to provide future populations with food and energy? Can the land available to us sustain present and future patterns of production and consumption without catastrophic collapse? Food supply is crucial to survival. Our population has grown dramatically and food production has kept in step with its growth, however, we may be approaching the outer limits of sustainable food production if the land available to us for farming is taken away. The challenge is daunting indeed. Pressure is mounting on the availability and scarcity of food for our people. Kitty is a cosmopolitan Village comprising of five (5) wards (Kabilos). The land area in question (west of Kitty) towards Sifoe consists of the following farm lands (DABADASS): i. BAHAM ii. SOLOSUTU iii. TABAKOSUTU iv. BURUWULENG These farmlands are located on the right hand flank of the road from outside Kitty towards Sifoe and on the left are: i. KEMBUTO ii. WULAJANG iii. JITALA iv. DAAJOYE All the above - named land areas in dispute, between Kitty and Sifoe, are traditional ''DABADAAS" of Kitty. But colonial district maps have some of their traditional farmlands within the Kombo South District. The colonial maps for district boundary delimitation are not enough indicators for land ownership in the Gambia based on the traditional "Dabadaa" concept/land tenure systems. The Alkalo of Sifoe, Malanding Demba, acting on his own gave away to you your Excellency the following farmlands belonging to Kitty. i. BAHAM ii. SOLOSUTU iii. TABAKOSUTU iv. BURUWULENG Before this there was a dispute over the same area between Kitty and Sifoe, but for the then Commissioner Momodou Jagne, there would have been a crises between the people of the two villages. To dampen tempers the Commissioner advice that a community forest be developed in the area for the benefit of the citizenry of the two villages. This was done but the Alkalo of Sifoe named the Community Forest as "Demba Kunda Family Forest indicated on a sign board. Alkalo, Malanding Demba did not only remain with the Community Forest but encroached further into the remaining land that belongs to us and has never been disputed before. We the people of Kitty use the farmlands for the cultivation of these crops: RICE (TANDAKO) SORGHUM (COOS) MILLET CASHEW MANGOES Cultivation is based on bush fallowing and crop rotation. Your Excellency, since this land was allocated to you we have seen that work on it has commenced. The people of Kitty wanted to stop the workers from continuing their work, but the elders of the Village intervened, otherwise it might have resulted into a serious confrontation. The matter was reported to the Seyfo (Kombo Central) who in turn informed the commissioner, but to our surprise work still continued, meaning perhaps, that you have still not been put in the picture, even though this happened long before the July 22nd celebrations. The matter though was discussed by the then Commissioner, Abdoulie Kujabi and the Alkalo of Sifoe and Kitty the problem was never resolved. The people of Kitty were later informed that you were going to visit the said property and after your visit on the land continued meaning therefore that the dispute was not communicated to you. The previously disputed area is the so called "Demba Kunda Family Forest" but the fact that our remaining land has been given away and work on it commenced, your workers have become a problem to the people of Kitty particularly to children and women. They prevent our women and children from collecting fuel wood or fruits from the adjacent land area. The elders and youths of Kitty are very much aggrieved by the situation that prevails over them. This disheartening condition was again reported to the Seyfo, who in turn reported the matter to the Commissioner who ordered us to meet him in his office. At the time of our meeting with the commissioner. The national Assembly Member, PA MADl BOJANG, was present. To our surprise Kola nut from you asking for more land allocation was presented to us, but we informed the commissioner that unless and until the pending land dispute between Sifoe and us is resolved we cannot consider a new allocation to you, your Excellency. Soon after this meeting, the Secretary of State for Local Government and Lands, Hon. Malafi Jarjue, The Commissioner, Western Division, Momodou Lamin Jobarteh, the chief of Kombo South, Ajay Janneh, came to Kitty, where they met the Alkalo, Fa Bakary Dembo Bojang, and some VDC (Village Development Committee) members over the issue. At the meeting we said land asked to resolve the problem by allocating the said land to you your Excellency, and create employment opportunities for our children. But we reiterated our previous stance in that we want our farmlands returned to us. There was a dialogue and the commissioner again invited the two Alkalos in question, three representatives from each village and the chief of Kombo South and the chief of Kombo Central to a meeting in his office scheduled for 9th of November 2004. The Kitty delegation positively responded, while the Sifoe group never turned-up to the meeting. As a result of the absence of the three (3) delegates from Sifoe including the Alkalo the meeting was postponed until further notice. Your Excellency, the problem has been dragging for too long a time and we crave on your indulgence to act now and return this said area of land to its owners, to people of Kitty. We are farmers and cannot go elsewhere in search of farmlands and we will be doomed if we are deprived of our property. Thanks in anticipation of your usual cooperation. We remain, sir Yours faithfully ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... The people of Kitty MEDIA COMMISSION CASE ADJOURNED By Emil Touray The civil suit involving the state and media practitioners resumed at the Supreme Court. Appearing for the state, Mrs. Jawara Alami said the defendant has a notice of the gazette No. 29 which is dated 29th November 2004. Mrs. Alami said the amendment of the gazette supplement which is entitled National Media Commission Act 2003 has been made. She told the court that she has been told by her learned senior (Emmanuel Fagbenle) that the bill containing the contentious issues has been passed, but it has not been filed. She said she has no idea whether the 2002 Media Commission Act has been repealed. Hawa Ceesay Sabally, lawyer for the Gambia Press Union said the case of the plaintiff (her clients) was filed before the Media Commission Act was amended. She said the state was not represented the last day the case was heard. She told the court that her clients are proceeding with the same processes. She informed the court that the plaintiffs thought that the Media Commission Act would be amended before the current sitting of the Supreme Court. She submitted that she is ready to adopt the brief and allow the Supreme Court to decide. She said the state is repealing the Media Commission Act and bringing another law. She submitted that there is a lot of ambivalence going on. The Supreme Court finally decided to adjourn the matter to allow the National Assembly to make the necessary amendments. MANDINABA - SOMA ROAD COMMUTERS, DRIVERS STRANDED DAILY By Yaya Dampha Since the rain stopped many had expected work on the Mandinaba - Soma highway to be in full gear especially after the National Assembly ratified a loan agreement for the construction of this road in August 2004. Gambians were told that the money from the loan would be coming effective September 2004. They were also told that the government decided to secure the loan due to the poor condition of the road. It was hoped that work on the road would commence by September 2004. It is always a burden to travel on this road that connects the urban to the rural area. Even the drivers on this road are having breakdowns every day and have to take their vehicles for maintenance. It is common to sleep on a journey along this highway because there are many ditches on the road and drivers prefer to take their time to drive carefully in order not to risk damaging their vehicles or risking their lives and those of the passengers. Some even prefer not to use this route after their first experience of its horrible condition. This is causing serious transport difficulty for the people. In Soma it is so hard to get a vehicle to Kombo that by 11.00 am to 12.00 pm one sees passengers roaming the streets for transports because the few transports that still ply the route leave as early as 4.00 am. Last Tuesday an old woman and her husband said they slept at the garage in order to be able to get a vehicle. A young man also said he left his village at 10.00 pm to come to Soma where he boarded a vehicle. He said this was his second time to be traveling at night which he said is more convenient for him. The Department of State for Works, Construction and Infrastructure should make effort to rescue the lives of those travelling this dangerous route. NO SALARIES FOR DTS WORKERS IN MANSAKONKO By Yaya Dampha Workers at the Department of Technical Services (DTS) in many areas are saying it is two months now they are not paid. According to some of them they have gone through the Muslim month of Ramadan and Koriteh feast without their salaries being paid; that this had caused them very serious problems as most of them were not able to fulfill family commitments during the Ramadan and also during the feast. DTS is among the lowest income earners in terms of salary and more than three quarter of their workers are daily paid. Some of these daily wagers have spent more than twenty-five years on the same scale. According to them they are terminated and every year they are reappointed as daily paid workers under the same conditions. These daily-wage workers work very hard to fill in potholes on the roads, some of which had turned into trenches, with little or no material and tools. Nowadays, even women are appointed as road labourers so that they carry gravel on their heads to fill the holes, because there are no tools available. Now with all their hard work on the roads it is very sad to know that they have not been paid for two months. FOROYAA decided to contact the Director of Technical Services to confirm the story. When I contacted the Engineer at the DTS, Mr. Lamin Manneh, he confirmed that the road labourers have not been paid for the last two months but was quick to say that they will be paid next week. When asked about the cause of the delay, he said that this was above his mandate. Mr. Manneh promised that all his staff and the daily wagers are going to be paid their salaries latest next week Thursday 9th November 2004. PIU PERSONNEL IN URD COMPLAIN By Tombong Jadama Personnels of the Police Intervention Unit (Pill) deployed in Fatoto, Kantora District since 25th October 2004 have complained of difficulties they face in their work. Officers complain of mobility due to lack of fuel, which deters them from visiting a scene when a complaint is made. They also complain of lack of communication sets and lack of functioning of mobile phones. Due to this, important messages are not transmitted on time when some people want to give information while they are on patrol. The Commissioner of URD, Mr. Omar Khan promised to discuss with the people and the district chiefs to find a solution. It is rumoured that the intention is to get the concerned residents of URD to foot the fuel bill. ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/CGI/wa.exe?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤