Below is the text of the lecture I gave last Saturday in Lagos on the theme of the race war. It contains the lecture itself, plus several appendices that support some key points made in the lecture. May I draw your attention especially to the sections on AIDS and the AIDSbombing of Africa on pp. 13-14, 40-51. And to the sections on GM crops on pp. 12-13, 55-56. Please fwd to as many Africans as you can. Chinweizu Lugardism, UN Imperialism and the prospect of African power By Chinweizu [A public lecture delivered at the Agip Recital Hall, Muson Centre, Onikan, Lagos on 18 February, 2006.] In a nutshell, my presentation today argues that: 1] The 20th century has been the most disastrous century, so far, for Black Africa. It was the century in which, unde r colonialism, Black Africa was subjected to culturecide at the hands of White Power. That culturecide destroyed our ability to resist the genocide that is now taking place. As a result, this 21st century is likely to see the physical extermination of Black Africans, unless those now under 30 organize and defeat the extermination campaign that white power has already unleashed on Black Africa. Therefore, 2] The problem of the 21st century is the problem of African Power – how to build it, and enough of it, to end the long era of our defeats and disasters in the race war, to prevent our extermination, and to ensure our dignity. 3] We should particularly note that Lugardism is a false framework, and these Lugardist states, Nigeria included, are the wrong foundation for building African Power Introduction: I just want to get us started on an examination of the awful situation in which we find ourselves in Nigeria, and in Africa, at the start of the 21st century, after some 50 years of fake independence, and more than 500 years of race war. We, Nigerians and Black Africans as a whole, have been in a race war for 500years or more, and we have no chance of surviving it if we refuse to recognize that fact and act on it. Since 1960, many attempts have been made to diagnose the trouble with Nigeria. Chief among the usual suspects have been, "tribalism," corruption, and bad leadership. May I submit that these are symptoms, not the underlying causes; the fevers, not the malaria or typhoid parasites. Our problems are much more serious than 2 corruption & co. They include identity crises of various kinds, a lunatic elite, cultural schizophrenia, Eurotoxification and the fact that Nigeria is not a nation but a noyau— i.e., a society of inward antagonism, one held together by mutual internal antagonism, one which could not carry on if its members had no fellow members to hate. And if we want to end the troubles of the Nigerians, we must dig deeper to find the fundamental causes. And I would like, today, to draw your attention to some of the systemic causes that do not usually appear on our radar. 1] First of all is Nigeria itself: The fundamental trouble with Nigeria is Nigeria itself—the Nigerian state. This Lugardist state, by which Nigeria was invented and is maintained, has been a disaster for the Nigerian peoples/nationalities and their society. 2] Second, is the refusal by Nigerians to recognize the race war in which Lugardism is a key weapon that white power is using against Black Africans. 3] Third is our failure, in Nigeria and in Black Africa as a whole, to study the Haitian experience and learn from it. I, now, invite you to examine the following theses: 1] The Lugardist state is an enemy to the Nigerian population; 2] Black Africans, including Nigerians, are in the semi- final phase of a race war with the European and the Arab branches of White Power. 3] Nigeria has been Haitified--Turning Nigeria into a Haiti has been a way to totally defeat its people and all of Black Africa in this semi- final phase of the race war. For, just as Haiti in 1804 was the hope of the Black race, even so, in 1960, was Nigeria the hope of Black Africa. And, for your information, the Haitification of Nigeria is almost completed by now. 4] The key enemy weapons in the race war today include the AU, NEPAD, and the organs of the New World Order, especially the UN and its agencies. 5] If Africans do not build African Power now, and use it to prevent their final defeat in the race war, Africans will be exterminated in this 21st century. This, therefore, is the do-or-die century for Africans. Recognition of these facts is the first step on the road to liberation and survival for the Nigerian peoples/nationalities. I shall say a little to introduce each thesis, and we can then together explore and illuminate them through questions and answers that, I hope, will continue long after we leave this hall. Thesis #1: Lugardism and the Lugardist state In a broadcast on January 15, 1970, General Yakubu Gowon, the then Head of the Lugardist state of Nigeria, proclaimed the Lugardist doctrine that justifies the continued existence of the Nigerian state. He said: "Our objectives in fighting the war to crush Ojukwu's rebellion were always clear. We desired to preserve the territorial integrity and unity of Nigeria. For, as one country, we would be able to maintain lasting peace amongst our various communities; achieve rapid economic development to improve the lot of our people; guarantee a dignified future and respect in the world, for our posterity and contribute to African unity and modernization. On the other hand, the small successor states in a disintegrated Nigeria would be victims of perpetual war and misery and neocolonialism. Our duty was clear, and we are today vindicated." --Gen. Yakubu Gowon. Excerpt from his speech on Jan. 15, 1970 formally accepting the declared Biafran surrender and the end of the civil war. Source: Insider Weekly, August 8, 2005 This doctrine states the reasons for the continued existence and public toleration of this Lugardist contraption called the Federal Republic of Nigeria. I think we are all living witnesses to the fact, which our newspapers daily confirm, that none of these claims is true and that none has been vindicated. Has the Lugardist state preserved the territorial integrity and unity of Nigeria? No! Just think of Bakassi. Has it maintained lasting peace amongst our various communities? No! Just think of the inter-communal clashes reported periodically from Plateau, Kano, Taraba, Benue, Delta states and elsewhere. Has it achieved economic development, let alone 'rapid economic development' or improved the lot of our people? No! Just think of the daily deterioration in the condition of life of our people, and recall the coup-day rhetoric we heard regularly for the past 40 years, denouncing each ousted regime for its failures in this regard. Has it guaranteed a dignified future and respect in the world for our posterity? No! Unless it counts as earning the respect of the world Nigeria's appearing, year after year, on the list of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world? Have we escaped neo-colonialism? If so, why are we still in the debt trap where we are being robbed by the Paris Club and the transnational corporations? And what are the agents of the IMF, the World Bank and other imperialist organs doing in the offices and corridors of power in Nigeria? What has the Lugardist state actually accomplished in its century of existence? It has destroyed our sense of community and atomized us into the Hobbesian condition of a 'war of everyone against everyone' in the ruthless struggle for money to buy what it has brainwashed us to consider 'the good life'; a condition of chronic insecurity, of 'continual fear and danger of violent death'—as from 'accidental discharge' from the guns of its policemen; or from its rampaging soldiers, like at Odi, or Zaki- Biam and other places, or from assassin's bullets targeted even at such big winners in its system as Kudirat Abiola, Alfred Rewane, Alex Ibru, Bola Ige, Harry Marshall, A.K. Dikibo, etc in the last decade; a condition where life has been 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short' for everyone—even for Generals like Bisalla, Vatsa, Shehu Musa Yar Adua, and Chief MKO Abiola, let alone for the APO Six and countless ordinary victims of the police and armed robbers. Thus, even without Nigeria's disintegration, we have been victims of misery, neocolonialism and perpetual war inflicted on us by the Lugardist state itself. From the foregoing, we can see that each and every one of the itemized claims of Lugardist doctrine is demonstrably false. The Nigerian state has failed to satisfy any of its own advertised justifications for its continued existence. This goes to show that Lugardism is a hoax, and Nigeria is a failed state even by its own criteria. In 45 years, under local comprador management, this Lugardist state has reduced Nigeria to a shanty country, a refugee camp where there is no order or authority; where social anarchy reigns, since government has abdicated its responsibilities and anyone can, with impunity, disturb the peace and, with noisy loudspeakers blaring songs and drums and prayers all night long, keep others from sleeping. "Development" has been so successful that we now have industries everywhere: the 419 industry; the 'wetin-you-carry' industry that recently yielded N70billion to its Chairman of the Board; the lootocrat or Authority-stealing industry that has piled up billions of dollars in the foreign bank accounts of high state officials; and the gospel and miracles industry on every street; the thugs and ethnic militia industry that provide "jobs" for the tens of millions of the unemployed and lets them extort their livelihood from people on the roads. We have all these strange industries, but no iron-and-steel or machine tools or aerospace industries. It seems that the comprador managers of the Nigerian state overheard that a STEEL industry was vital for development and have built a STEAL industry instead. That's probably their best understanding of what a steel industry means! This Lugardist state has, within a century, destroyed every society and killed every culture it trapped in its prison, and has reduced its traumatized captives to a 100 million mob of Hobbesian idiots who have lost all sense of community and solidarity with one another. Nigeria is now a place where the unspeakable is routine news. With the decay of both the state and social authority structures for arbitrating disputes, neighbours resort to do- it- yourself justice using privatized violence—hence the spate of acid and machete attacks by people on their neighbours. Nigeria has been reduced to an amoral land where greedy people think nothing of kidnapping their neighbour's children and selling them to be killed for fresh body parts to be sold abroad for organ transplants. That's the racket being covered up by the epidemic of so-called ritual murder we read about these days. It used to be that, in Lagos, if you were attacked by robbers and you shouted Ole! Ole! ( i.e. 'Thief! Thief!') your neighbours would assemble and lynch the thief in solidarity with you. Not anymore! Now, the people around will run away and leave you to the mercy of your attackers. Fear, acute individualism and deep insecurity have killed the community spirit. In the 35 years since Gowon propounded his doctrine, this Lugardist state has been unable to do those things that, it claimed it exists to do; and it has done terrible things that it ought not to do to the society. It has inflicted cultural schizophrenia and social decay; it has fostered an ethos of greedy incompetence; it has replaced the work ethic with a criminal instant-riches mentality, and it has turned governance into brazen gangsterism and enthroned Al Capone on Aso Rock [the Presidential palace in Abuja]. It has thereby been an instrument of large scale culturecide. How did this Lugardist state achieve this feat of social destruction and culturecide? The chief instruments were economic: principally, [1] the commoditization of land and the introduction of individualist land tenure a century ago, which slowly dissolved the communal holdings; [2] the emergence, with the discovery of oil, of a rentier state which dominates the economy with its huge rent revenues derived from foreign concessionaries-- this has turned the economy upside down, and made everyone dependent on state favours instead of keeping the state dependent on taxing the economically active population for its revenues; [3] the Land Thief Decree, a.k.a. Land Use Decree, which robbed communities of their ancestral land, thereby quietly turning the population into a vast rootless proletariat with no landed communal interest to sustain their local structure and cohesion; [4] the ravages of SAP and other economic policies which have impoverished most people and left them without financial stamina; [5] a culturally alienating, white supremacist education system that inculcates possessive individualism and trains people for nonexistent bureaucratic jobs, which makes its products unfit for self-employment in productive activities. By such measures, imposed in the course of a century, this Lugardist state destroyed the communitarian foundations of the African societies it trapped in its cage. This Lugardist state nowadays parades itself as a federal republic and a democracy. But it is neither federal nor republic. And its democracy is all fake. So, what is Nigeria actually? Nigeria is a prison camp into which British soldiers, merchants, missionaries and political agents herded the peoples of the assorted villages, towns, statelets, kingdoms and empires they had, between 1850 and 1914, conquered by force or fraudulently dispossessed of sovereignty. The herding process was begun by Sir George Goldie, and was finalized by Sir Frederick Lugard in 1914 when he set up this Lugardist state apparatus to control the prisoner-of-war camp which he named Nigger Area, or Nigeria. What Lugard, the founding father of Nigeria, set up was a despotism to serve British interests, an instrument of the British monarch, for the subjugation, exploitation and control by terrorism of the captive population, for the profit of the British. This despotism of the British monarch was handed over, in 1960, to comprador agents recruited from among the black inmates of the prison camp. The original state imposed by Lugard has never been disbanded and reconstituted by the population. It lives on under black management, and has continued to behave despotically towards the population it got into its absolute power long ago.. After all, none of its so-called constitutions has been submitted to the population for approval. As John Locke stated in his "Second Treatise of Government" (1690): He who attempts to get another man into his absolute power does thereby put himself into a state of war with him: it being to be understood as a declaration of a design upon his life. We can, therefore, see that this Lugardist state contraption has been making war on us, the victim population which it got into its absolute power a century ago. It should not, therefore, surprise us that, since its agents see us as prisoners of war, they extort from us and plunder us at every opportunity. And they kill us with impunity whenever they feel the itch to shoot. And to keep us cowed and discourage rebellion they go on pacification sprees in which they massacre whole towns and villages. So, you see, there is a method to the madness of the 'mad dogs' at Odi and Zaki-Biam, and to the accidental discharges at Apo and countless checkpoints. These are random acts of state terrorism that are calculated to instil fear in the population and keep us insecure and passive. This despotic, Lugardist state apparatus has never been reconstituted as a republic by the people. The Nigerian state is not an instrument or agent of the Nigerian people. It is not under their control, or answerable to them, and never has been. For the first half of its existence, i.e, 1914-1960, that was clearly the case. Since then, it has remained the case, the so-called independence notwithstanding. Whenever the Nigerian people have tried to actualise their nominal sovereign control, tried to become the masters of what claims to be their state, the state has rebuffed them. It has been a case of a novice horseman trying to mount his new and wild horse, and getting thrown off each time. The coups of 1966 aborted the initial attempts by the people's elected representatives to sit securely in the saddle into which the departing British had lifted them. The coup of 1983 ended the second attempt. The June 12 annulment in 1993 aborted the third attempt. The emasculation of the National Assembly by the executive branch since 1999, together with the flagrant rigging of the 2003 elections has killed off the fourth attempt. The claim that Nigeria is now a democracy, or, as some prefer, a "nascent democracy," is false. Nigeria is no democracy at all! Never has been. And is not likely ever to be. The Lugardist state will not permit it. It continues to do as it pleases, regardless of what the people say or wish. And the Nigerian people have yet to find enough courage and skill to make and enforce demands on the untameable state apparatus. Nigerians have not awoken to the fact that, as Frederick Douglass said "power concedes nothing without a demand." We resignedly think that some day God-- that imaginary big-man- in-the-sky who is part Santa Claus and part Ojuju Calabar-- will intervene and solve our socio-economic problems and rescue us from the despotism of the VIPs—the Vampires In Power. We forget or haven't heard Martin Luther King's remark that, "To accept passively an unjust system is to cooperate with that system." "Shuffering and shmiling", we wait and hope that things cannot get worse, yet they get worse with each regime. We forget or haven't heard that there is no limit to which tyranny will not go if unopposed. We haven't heard what Frederick Douglass said: "If you want to know how much a tyrant will impose on a people, find out how much they will take." And the Lugardists keep proclaiming that we should accept this prisoner-ofwar camp as a blessing, as a gift from those British who said they came to civilize us by enslaving, terrorizing and robbing us. Well, that's like the guards at the Nazi concentration camps claiming that the camps were a blessing and should be preserved at whatever cost; that remaining obediently in it is the duty of the prisoners. But the guards would say that, wouldn't they? But do the inmates have to accept the guards' doctrine? Nigerians have not awoken to the fact that Nigeria is going nowhere because, Nigeria is like an elephant with two heads, one in front and one behind, with each head pulling in the opposite direction from the other. Clearly, for any twoheaded elephant to move properly, one of its two heads must vanish. In Nigeria's case, one head is incorrigibly nostalgic for the ways of seventh-century Arabia; the other head lusts for the conspicuous capitalist consumerism of the European world.. Note that I have not accused it of lusting after capitalist producerism -- which it passionately abhors. Now, since neither of these two heads on the Nigerian elephant is appropriate for national survival, there is a need to chop off, not one, but both heads, and to graft on a new head -- a single head that is passionate for production, that is indoctrinated with producer values and nationalism. By the way, I must stress that Lugardism is not peculiar to Nigeria. All the states now in Africa are Lugardist. They were founded by white imperialist invaders from Europe for the exploitation of Africans to the benefit of Europe; every one of them in the AU is Lugardist. Lugardism is the doctrine that they are sacrosanct and should be preserved, that they should continue to exist even if they destroy the societies they hold prisoner. Thesis #2: Race War Mention race war to Africans and they react as if it is some future danger that must be avoided at any price, even at the price of voluntary enslavement. They refuse to realize that we already are in it, and have been in it for at least five centuries. I shall try to show, as briefly as possible, that such is, indeed, our situation. Two initial points of clarification: first of all, just because bullets are not flying about and swords are not flashing around us does not mean there is no war going on; there are other modes of warfare, including economic, political, psychological and intellectual warfare. For example, the Cold War, in the 20th century, between the capitalist and communist power blocs was mostly a non- military affair. It was mostly a propaganda and economic war, with occasional military flashpoints. Secondly, when the aggressor identifies the target of its attack on the basis of skin colour, the war is a race war. Black Africa is in the throes of two simultaneous race wars. It is being attacked from two fronts: The European front and the Arab front. Lets consider them one by one. First , The Euro-African Race War When did it start and why? Europe's race war on sub-Sahara Africans may be said to have begun when The captains of two of Prince Henry [of Portugal's] exploring caravels brought back with them to Lisbon in 1442 a dozen Africans, whom they had captured on the West Coast in the course of a wholly unprovoked attack upon an African village. Further exploits of a similar kind followed.1 Not long after that, Pope Nicholas V (1447-55) spelt out and blessed a war, in the name of Christ, on the world's non-Christian peoples: We, after scrupulous reflection, are granting by our Bull full and entire freedom to King Alphonso [of Spain] to conque r, to besiege, to fight, and to submit all the Saracens, Pagans, and other enemies of Christ, wherever they may be; and to seize the kingdoms, the dukedoms, the princedoms, the lordships, personal properties, landed properties, and all the wealth they withhold and possess; and to submit these persons to a perpetual slavery; to appropriate these kingdoms, duchies, principalities, counties, lordships, properties and wealth; to transmit them to their successors; to take advantage and make use of them personally and with their offspring. --quoted in Jordan K. Ngubane, Conflict of Minds: Changing Power Dispositions in South Africa, Books in Focus, Inc. 1979 As Jordan Ngubane pointed out "The Pope thus authorized the commitment of crimes and sins against all and linked the division of the world into Portuguese and Spanish spheres with slavery, colonialism, racism and apartheid…." 1 E. D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969, p. 15. Pope Alexander's Bull Inter Caetera of 1493 divided all the "heathens" of the world with their resources between Portugal and Spain. And then, Pope Clement VI in Intra Arcana, the Bull he issued on May 8, 1529, and addressed to Charles V [of Spain] urged him on to the war: We trust that, as long as you are on earth, you will compel and with all zeal cause the barbarian nations to come to the knowledge of God, the maker and founder of all things, not only by edicts and admonitions, but also by force and arms, if needful, in order that their souls may partake of the heavenly kingdom. --quoted in Jordan K. Ngubane, Conflict of Minds: Changing Power Dispositions in South Africa, Books in Focus, Inc. 1979 That global war, declared by Europe in the 15th century in religious terms, is still going on, in different transformations. The most prominent version today is Bush's "War on Terror", which was initially announced as a Christian "crusade" against the Jihadeers of Islamic Fundamentalism. Another version is imperialism. We particularly must note that imperialism is war, and the imperialism of whites over blacks is race war. What have been the signs of this Euro-African race war? The branch of this European war upon the world that most concerns us, has been waged on the African race mainly in the guises of what Europeans call the Slave Trade, The Scramble for Africa, Colonialism, Neo-colonialism and Racism. If we examine each of them, we will uncover its race war character. 1. Slave Trade When the era of the so-called Slave Trade is examined, what do we find? Its main features were interminable wars, forced labour and terrorism; and the targets of all were the Black/African Race; and the entire thing was organized by Whites of European stock, and they were its prime beneficiaries. It was a system of war and violence on four continents and on their interconnecting seas. This war system operated in three zones: (1) Zone A: Africa, the war front, the zone of daily battles, skirmishes, raids, kidnappings and ambushes, which yielded war prisoners for carrying off into slavery. (2) Zone B: the Diaspora zone, the rear area of the Europeans, made up of the transit waters (the Atlantic and Indian Oceans), together with the territories of the Americas as well as the plantation islands in the Indian Ocean, off shore from East Africa (Mauritius, Seychelles, Reunion, Zanzibar, etc). For the Black war captives, this was the zone of permanent martial law and terrorism (especially on the plantations, mines and slave-holding towns); the zone of deadly forced labour (the super-Gulags and Siberias of their time. For example, "In French Saint Domingue, now calle d Haiti, slaves were literally worked to death. The average life span after being sold into slavery was about seven years"—The Irritated Genie, p. 24); This was the zone of daily resistance by the captives, and of their periodic escapes, mutinies and revolts, and of the brutal suppression thereof (there were some 250 recorded revolts in the USA alone, an average of one a year for the era before Emancipation); This was the zone of guerrilla wars between the Maroon communities (hundreds of which existed at any one time all over the Americas) and the slave-owner communities around them which sought to re-enslave them; and the zone of full-scale wars between the slaveowner states and the liberation movements, as between France and its slaves in Haiti, or between the USA and the Black Seminoles. And then there was Zone C: Europe, the headquarters from where the entire far-flung system of daily warfare was masterminded, stimulated, coordinated, armed and financed, and to which the bulk of the resulting riches was taken. Seen in its totality, this was a vast war on the Black/African Race that was most cunning in its grand strategy. In Africa, the first zone, Europeans made war on Blacks by inducing Blacks to make war on one another. It was "divide and conquer" at its devilish worst, applied to an entire Black race on the vast African continent, by a well-disguised white European hand manipulating from afar. For the kidnap victims and the war prisoners who were carried off into captivity, there was a second zone, a zone of total war -- military, cultural, economic, psychological, ideological; a total war waged against them by whites, clearly and visibly by whites, and designed to break each of them into an obedient workhorse for the rest of life. When taken altogether, this was the most devious and satanic of war systems ever contrived: Europe was the headquarters, Africa was the war front, the Americas were the prisoners-of-war camp, chattel-slavery was the kind of forced labour to which the prisoners-of-war were subjected in that camp, the produce and profits which went to Europe were the peculiar booty from this most peculiar of wars. As for all the Blacks caught up in it, the overwhelming majority, probably as much as 99.9%, were victims of different kinds and to different degrees: the war captives shipped abroad, the war dead and the war survivors left back in Africa, all those who resisted the pressure to collaborate, and even those among the Black procurers, far from the coast, who never made contact with the Whites but unwittingly served the interest of the European war fomenters. All were caught in the toils of a devilish system whose totality they were in no position to see or guess; all were driven by overpowering forces beamed and controlled from outside their societies, forces which crushed all resistance, even those put up by African kings and queens, such as Affonso of the BaKongo and Nzinga of the N'gola. They were, one and all, victims of a satanic European bourgeoisie, which devised the entire thing and kept it going for its own profit. Conquest and colonialism That centuries-long slaving phase of this race war was followed by the phase of undisguised military conquest and colonization, i.e. a phase of conquest of black Africans by white Europeans and of foreign white rule over blacks. The conquest phase, principally between 1884 and 1914, is Eurocentrically called "The scramble for Africa". In this phase, Blacks would now be conquered, Christianized (See Appendix 8 at pp.57-60) and prepared for civilization [i.e. Europeanization] in Africa itself, and the job of doing that was dubbed the "White Man's Burden". In furtherance of the project of Christianizing and Europeanizing Africans, (i.e. of treating them to culturecide), Black Africans were subjected to genocide, terrorism, land expropriation, property confiscation, forced labour, and taxation by the implanted Lugardist states. The starkest and best-documented varieties of this were in King Leopold's Congo Free State (formerly Zaire and now the Democratic Republic of Congo), France's Congo (now Congo-Brazzaville), Portugal's Angola, Germany's South-West Africa (now Namibia), Britain's Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and the British-Boer Republic of South Africa. In the Belgian example, a "System" was devised to terrorize and exploit the Blacks to the point of utter ruin. (The book to read is The Black Man's Burden by E.D. Morel) Colonialism, thereby, was the worst disaster to have ever struck Black Africa thus far. The culturecide it accomplished has left Africa so demented that it still can't get its act together even today. __________________________________________________________ Få Messenger till mobilen hela livet med 3! http://msn.microsoft.se/adstat/msnstats/sweden/redirect.asp?msnid=1460 __._,_.___ Messages in this topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/message/2124;_ylc=X3oDMTM0anBjM2tnBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBG1zZ0lkAzIxMjQEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDdnRwYwRzdGltZQMxMTU2NjM0NzQxBHRwY0lkAzIxMjQ-> (1) Reply (via web post) <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJwbThjdTgwBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBG1zZ0lkAzIxMjQEc2VjA2Z0cgRzbGsDcnBseQRzdGltZQMxMTU2NjM0NzQx?act=reply&messageNum=2124>| Start a new topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJlYmY1NmNnBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA250cGMEc3RpbWUDMTE1NjYzNDc0MQ--> Messages<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/messages;_ylc=X3oDMTJlbGtzYWdlBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA21zZ3MEc3RpbWUDMTE1NjYzNDc0MQ-->| Files<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/files;_ylc=X3oDMTJmZXZwYXVpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2ZpbGVzBHN0aW1lAzExNTY2MzQ3NDE->| Photos<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/photos;_ylc=X3oDMTJlY3E5ZGxmBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Bob3QEc3RpbWUDMTE1NjYzNDc0MQ-->| Links<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/links;_ylc=X3oDMTJmNWEzdjhpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2xpbmtzBHN0aW1lAzExNTY2MzQ3NDE->| Database<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/database;_ylc=X3oDMTJjZWNjN2dpBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2RiBHN0aW1lAzExNTY2MzQ3NDE->| Polls<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/polls;_ylc=X3oDMTJmcjltZzRmBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3BvbGxzBHN0aW1lAzExNTY2MzQ3NDE->| Members<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJlbnFmNjM1BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA21icnMEc3RpbWUDMTE1NjYzNDc0MQ-->| Calendar<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/networkafrica/calendar;_ylc=X3oDMTJkajdtbjNqBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzM3NDU5MTMEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNjAwMDYwNDcxBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2NhbARzdGltZQMxMTU2NjM0NzQx> [image: Yahoo! 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