Foroyaa Newspaper Burning Issue Issue No.87/2006, 9-10 October, 2006 Editorial THE DANGERS OF AN UNINFORMED CITIZENRY The greatest tragedy in a nation is to have uninformed citizens. Very few educated Gambians go to the National Assembly, listen to budget speeches or the critique made by the opposition. They do not read newspapers or engage in dialogue regarding the affairs of the nation. They are not concerned with the service rendered by the councils. They complain only when they get their electricity bills, find it difficult to get visa or employment, lack water supply etc. When it was announced that the management of NAWEC was being transferred to Global Management System, many people were surprised that major public corporations are heading towards privatization. The Secretary of State for Finance indicated to the nation last year that “ an important activity embarked on by The Gambia Divestiture Agency is the redundancy and compensation framework study. This study is of crucial importance to the divestiture strategy, as it will develop the framework required to achieve consistent standards for employees of public enterprises in relation to potential redundancy and compensation of redundancy, during the divestiture process,” he noted In short, many parastatals are under study for divestiture or privatization. Those who work under such sectors should prepare their minds for redundancies. Professional and not political appointments will be the security of those appointed. Time has come for each of us to realize that the destiny of this nation is in our hands. The decision we take and the choice we make will either make or break the nation. We cannot afford to live on castle in the air. We must build it on land to live in prosperity. Relying on those we know will not sustain ones prosperity in the long run. We must build the type of country where we can get our entitlements based on our input without relying on anyone for favours or charity. That is the only sustainable way to dignity and prosperity. PEOPLE OF TALLINDING CONPLAIN OVER DUMPSITE By Isatou Bettaye The residents of Tallinding; Medina, around the Buffer Zone, raised concerns regarding the deplorable dumpsite within their vicinity. They said the stench from the dumpsite makes life unbearable for them. Speaking to this reporter, Mansata Jawo said that they complained about the dumpsite to the Kanifing Municipal Council a long time ago, but no step has been taken to solve the problem. She said the stench from the dumpsite could cause sickness for them, noting that the head of the compound directly opposite the area, Kinteh Bah, has been ill for a long time now. She added that she once complained to the K.M.C, but her complaints fell on deaf ears. Kumba Jawo, a resident of the area also expressed her concerns about the dumpsite. “When they come with their vehicles to dump their rubbish, we always complained to them. But we only receive insults from them. She explained. She further said that they are appealing to the government especially the K.M.C to help them relocate the dumpsite from the area, before Ramadan ends. “We can even have a small market on the area, if the dumpsite is out of the area,” she remarked. Other speakers also expressed similar sentiments about the dumpsite. They said they are highly in need of help to solve this problem. When contacted, the Manager of the K.M.C Cleansing Services, Mr. Njie, said the P.R.O is the spokesperson of the K.M.C and that he cannot say anything regarding the situation. The P.R.O, Kalifa Sanyang was not reachable. NBD GOVERNOR REFUTES ALLEGATIONS By Fabakary B. Ceesay The Governor of North Bank Division, Edward Seckan, has refuted allegations that he interfered with polling at a polling station at Sallikene on Election Day. According to a polling agent Governor Seckan came to the polling station around 4:00pm.He was said to have asked the IEC staff to continue work until 6:30pm., as this was ordered by the IEC. It is also purported that Governor Seckan told the presiding officer that anybody who came with a valid voter’s card should be allowed to vote, even if his/her name did not appear on the master register and the counter foil. It is indicated that the presiding officer refused to heed to the Governor’s order. According to the witness, there was a push and pull between the governor, IEC staff and party agents for up to about fifteen minutes before the governor retreated. Governor Seckan was said to have threatened the IEC staff and party agents. He was escorted by many security agents. However, when this reporter contacted Governor Seckan, he denied being present at a polling station at Sallikene, but later said that he was only there to inform them about the adjustment of the time of the polls. When this reporter asked him whether he had a confrontation with the IEC staff and party agents, he immediately hung up on the reporter. This reporter later tried to get to him, but to no avail. Comment: Is it the business of the Governor about the time to close the polls? Editor MAKASUTU EMPLOYEES DEPLORE WORK CONDITION Bubacarr K. Sowe A number of employees at the Makasutu Culture Forest have complained that they are being exploited by their employer. Members of the group, whose names are withheld, said that they are issued with no appointment letters, payment slips or social security cards. They also said that they are being ordered to work more than the required eight hours, without additional pay. One of them said, “We are working like slaves. They can sack anyone of us without any warning letter, which is contrary to the staff handbook of rules and regulations. Our jobs are not secure. Even if we are sick, they do not take care of us.” Another worker who served for two years said that he was not given any appointment letter and has no social security card. He added that he was issued with only one pay slip for that period. “They pay us D40 a day and sometimes they deduct you if you complain,” the man said. One of them also disclosed that during the four years he has served at Makasutu, he was given only three pay slips. For him too, no appointment letter was given. Another complainant expressed similar sentiments. “I have no pay slip, social security card or even an appointment letter,” he said. However, the General Manager of Makasutu, James English, has declined to comment on the issue and referred this reporter to the Labour Department. PRICE HIKES PINCH URBAN POPULACE By Yaya Bajo The month of Ramadan is a period of spiritual retreat during which Muslims are expected to reflect on their creation and live a pious life. Because of the importance of the month, Muslims are expected to demonstrate love, sympathy, generousity and kindness. In view of this, prices of basic commodities especially, are expected to be within the reach of the average consumer. However, that hardly happens. What normally happens is the opposite instead, where the price of some basic commodities go beyond the reach of the ordinary citizen. The exorbitant prices of goods impacts negatively on the livedhood of the average Gambian and expenses in the month of Ramadan are normally unbearable’ This reporter visited the Serrekunda Market, one of the main business outlets in the country, and sought the views of some vendors and consumers alike on the continuous increment of certain basic goods around the country. A wholesa ler dealing in provisions along Sayer Jobe Avenue argued that business requires skills and expertise in order to survive the competition. The man who only identified himself as Sayd, noted that in establishing a business, one has to consider certain factors such as Political, Economical, Social and Technological, which he said are pre-requisites for a successful business. He added that sometimes the prices of certain commodities fluctuates due to unfavourable market situations which according to him depends on the forces of demand and supply in a given period of time. He further remarked that import duties levied on imported goods also have a bearing on the selling price of goods. Mr Sayd said that if custom duties levied on imported goods increases, the selling price of that consignment will also show sharp increment which is borne by the final consumer. He therefore called for a review of custom duties with a view to making goods relatively affordable to the final consumers who bear the brunt of the hardship. He maintained that if wholesalers also fail to consider the tax levied on their imported merchandises when selling to the retailers, they will run at a lost. Market vendors (retailers) who were interviewed randomly expressed the fear of running into losses, if they lower the prices as they also obtained goods with unfavourable price from the wholesalers. However, the brunt of this whole saga is born by the final consumers most whom are farmers living below the poverty line. 5, 247 REFUGEES GET ASSISTANCE By Bubacarr K. Sowe Atleast 5,247 Senegalese refugees across the country have began receiving non-food items, reports from The Gambia Red Cross Society (GRCS), indicate. Speaking to Foroyaa on Friday, Katim Nget, Programme Manager of GRCS said that distribution of non-food items commenced on the 5th of October 2006, in the Fonis and Kombo East areas. “These items are 1000 blankets, 1000 empty Jerry cans, 14, 460 bars of soap, 1,500 sanitary napkins, 1000 sleeping mats, 500 mosquito nets and 680 kitchen sets,” Mr. Nget said. He said that the items will be distributed in ten centers and allocations will be made as per family. “All of them stand the chance to benefit based on availability,” he said. Currently, according to Mr. Nget there are forty six villages in The Gambia that are hosting refugees from Cassamance. Ron Mponda, Chief of Mission of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in The Gambia, has confirmed that 5,247 refugees are currently hosted in The Gambia among whom 40% are children. He said that recently, Concern Universal (CU) has given food items to refugees and a consignment from the World Food Programme is expected this week. SURETY TO BE CONVICTED IF….. By Yaya Bajo One Mansour Camara, a Surety in a theft case, was ordered to pay a bail bond of D60, 000 on or before November 3rd, 2006 or be tried in a law court. This development came following an unfortunate escape of the defendant whom he (Mansour) had bailed earlier on. Mansour was asked to produce the accuse person some months ago when the matter was suppose to be heard at the Bundung Magistrate Court, presided over by his worship, Moses Richards. The accused stands trial for stealing a vehicle and an engine belonging to one Mr. Sallah. The plaintiff was claiming a damage of D25, 000 from the defendant. The presiding Magistrate, Moses Richards, told the Surety (Mansour), to pay a total sum of D60, 000 on or before November 3rd, 2006, which includes an amount of D30,000 to be paid as compensation to the plaintiff, whilst the other D30,000 to be forfeited to the state. Magistrate Richards added that if the Surety failed to fulfill this he will stand trial. “If you abuse or misuse this time frame given to you, you will face the consequences,” he warned Mr. Camara. FORMER PRINCIPAL ARRAIGNED IN COURT By Modou Jonga The Former Principal of Forster Academy in Brikama, William Forster, was on Monday 2nd October 2006, arraigned before Magistrate E.F. Mbye of the Brikama Magistrate Court on a charge of willful damage to personal property. According to the particulars of the offence, William Forster on the 11th of September 2006 at Brikama Car Park, unlawfully and willfully damaged the windscreen of a vehicle numbered WD 0225A by hitting it with his hand contrary to section 312 of the criminal code. The accused pleaded not guilty to the charge that is preferred against him. The accused was granted bail in the sum of D5000. He was asked to provide a Gambia surety who has a valid ID Card. The Police prosecutor was 1831 Sanyang of the Brikama Police Station. The case was adjourned till Thursday 19th October 2006. NADD FLAG BEARER ON THE ELECTION Let me reiterate again that fundamental to the outcome of the election were three factors, that is the power of ideas, the power of human and material resources and the power of mass support. Any objective analyst would agree with me that NADD had overwhelmingly edge to both the APRC and UDP regarding content and delivery of convincing messages. This is the first point. Needless to say, the UDP and APRC had edge over NADD regarding material and human resources. In comparison to the two, the APRC had overwhelmingly edge in terms of material and human resources In short one could not see the distinction between state and party. Governors of divisions, chiefs of districts heads of villages, heads of institutions, prominent members of the business community, the army, police, NIA were all associated with the President’s campaign. Vehicles with numberless plates were distributed all over the country. Incumbency was exploited by the APRC to its optimum degree in mobilizing human and material resources of the state to its advantages. Suffice it to say that, having an edge in ideas or material and human resources is not sufficient to determine the outcome of elections unless such advantages could be transformed into mass support. The voters who could give mass support could be divided into three categories. There were the legitimate voters who acquired their voters’ cards in the proper manner and were ready to cast their votes without inducement or intimidation. Secondly, there may have been those underaged Gambians who had acquired their cards illegally by any false information to the registering officers to get registered. Thirdly, there may have been those non-Gambians who had acquired their voters cards illegally by posing as Gambian citizens. How many of those in these three categories of the voters cast or did not cast their votes? Who did they vote for? Why did they vote or fail to vote? These are questions that all analysts should be interested in. For our purpose, the analysis must not be an academic exercise. It must not be a refuge for the people to escape the consequences of their actions. It is only by facing soberly the inadequacies in thinking, actions and institutional process that the people will be enabled to make a fresh start in thinking and thus be empowered to take charge of their destiny. Outstripped by the APRC in terms of material and human resources NADD tried to compensate its inadequacies by giving convincing arguments of the demonstrated incapacities of the government and the type of leadership that is in store if the people were to maintain it in office. The deficits in liberty and prosperity that were prevalent in the country were put into sharp focus. NADD would not have had much to criticise about the electoral system except the abuse of incumbency and the need for the IEC to become more vigilant to prevent the underaged and the non Gambians from interfering with the electoral process if an unheard of fiasco did not have dramatic effect in undermining the comparative advantages acquired by the NADD Presidential candidate in the use of the media. NADD’s fundamental blunder was to have faith in the impartiality of the director of GRTS. Our cassettes were recorded and handed over to GRTS. There was no mechanism in place for joint editing by the IEC, representatives of the candidate and a representative of GRTS. In the future, we must insist on such a tripartite arrangement. Our first experience was the continuous featuring of a cassette of our No Kunda meeting for a period of three days. We received reports that the speeches of the flag bearer which exposed the regime were always featured at the tail end. The weight of the fact and figures were frequently impeached on by giving lengthy focus on other speakers who dwelled on the weakness of the other opposition candidate. The attitude of the GRTS management went from censorship to minimize the impact of the powers of our arguments to unbridled hostility and defamation when they waited until a day before the end of the campaign period to broadcast, on the TV a recording of Buba Sanyang in NIA custody indicating that he impersonated an IEC official to fill some nomination forms. The deception of the broadcast was without parallel. They broadcast a confession without approaching me for opinion. The IEC was not also informed before my nomination to at least discredit my nomination. The objective was therefore not to challenge my nomination since I had 6000 people supporting my nomination. The attempt was to mislead the voters. The deceptive tricks of the GRTS management reached repugnant and malicious proportion when they deliberately suppressed my last ten minutes broadcast where I dealt with their broadcast which the Observer Newspaper chose to publish under the heading “NADD’s Buba Sanyang spills the Beans” with my picture on the front cover. GRTS refused to cover my press conference. The Observer published it in an inside page. I called the IEC for them to intervene to ensure that my message is transmitted as a matter of right. I quoted section 93 subsection (1) of the Election Decree for their observation to no avail. Section 93 subsection (1) states that “The Commission shall, during an election campaign period, ensure that equal air time is given to each candidate and national party on the public radio and television.” I emphasised that depriving me of my last ten minutes before the end of the campaign period constituted a gross violation of my right as a presidential candidate. The IEC appeared totally helpless in protecting my integrity against a deliberate attempt to defame me. To add insult to injury, the GRTS management made news out of the television broadcast and transmitted it by radio so that it would reach the whole country, on the day before elections which was supposed to be a resting period. The news item gave the impression that as a presidential candidate I asked a 7th grade child to fill my nomination form by impersonating an IEC official. I called the IEC to intervene to stop the erroneous and malicious broadcast but to no avail. The GRTS management did therefore make history in displaying a conduct that did not remotely resemble impartiality in the presidential election. They brought my whole campaign, whose content had been irreconcilable to any falsehood, into disrepute, without availing me y opportunity to clear any doubts. The deficit in liberty which is criticized during my campaign became nakedly evident because of the absence of any private radio station to disseminate my opinion as a Presidential candidate after the state media deliberately refused to broadcast my last message to the nation. It was evident to the GRTS management that reputable journalistic practice requires the publication or broadcasting of two sides of a story. They preferred to negate my own opinion so as to make fiction to pass as facts. Where then was my freedom to be heard? Where lies the fairness in suppressing my last broadcast? How can I commend the IEC for presiding over a free and fair election when they were impotent in directing the director of GRTS to broadcast my last statement as required by law and stop their fabrications against my integrity on the day before an election? In fact, many people who had an axe to grind with NADD began to spread the rumour that my nomination papers were fraudulently filled even though I had about 6000 people supporting my nomination. Before taking leave of the subject allow me to prove how ridiculous it is to even hint that Halifa Sallah could ask anyone to impersonate an official to enable him to acquire electoral advantage. First and foremost, I have never canvassed a relative or a neighbour to vote for me so as not to violate their free will to choose. I have written countless letters to the IEC to expose corrupt registration practices so that we can have free and fair elections. Although, I am a National Assembly member my earnings go mostly to render services to others instead of wining and dining at state expense. I have tried to make my wife to get the highest level of education so that she would be completely independent in getting what she wants in life rather than depend on loot from a state to live in prosperity. What temptation is there that Halifa Sallah could be subjected to, to the point of motivating a young man who is an extremely famous football player in his area, who is known to both young and old, to go to an area where he is well known to impersonate an IEC official, just to fill my nomination forms. This notion is absurd to say the least. Notwithstanding, the broadcast is the chief event which had a devastating impact on the electorate. I cannot say how many people were convinced by the broadcast that NADD could not win and either decided to vote for another party or abstained entirely from voting. I cannot tell how many youths in Kombo East were intimidated. What is evident to me is that when I visited Buba Sanyang’ s family many of his friends had been seen by people in the community or their families and advised to stay clear of politics. The television and radio broadcast on Buba did not reduce the climate of uncertainty, if anything one should expect the situation to have been worsened. The truth however is that before the people went to fill my nomination forms, I was invited by Mrs. Amie Sillah who was in charge of the operation to inspire them. As a civic educator I gave them an inspiring speech and asked each of them to be given a cassette to play for the people to listen before being asked to nominate me. I therefore wish to call on all youths not to support me unless they are ready to defend their principles at all times. Anybody who makes the mistake to tarnish my image no matter under what pressure would be disowned and pressure be put for ones prosecution. We will not allow again such simplistic disinformation tactics to affect our progress. After lessons are drawn from Buba’s experience any NADD militant who abandoned the message and proceeded to claim to do a criminal act under NADD’s auspices could only be a common criminal implanted to do something else other than to serve NADD. When Amie Sillah was put into contact with Buba while he was in detention he had confessed that he mentioned her name because of fear. Suffice it to say that when Mrs. Sillah finished her discussion with the NIA I was informed. I did not take the matter lightly. I decided to wage a battle of integrity by requesting the IEC chairman to post all the names of the people registered under Kombo East and request for scrutiny of the list. I volunteered that if any person’s name is found to be featured under false pretence I would be willing to subtract it from the 6000 or so names I had submitted and would withdraw my candidature if the number fell short of the 5000 persons required to be qualified to stand as a presidential candidate. The chairman of the IEC indicated that this was unnecessary. I further made the proposal that he should give me photocopies of the names from Kombo East so that I would proceed to do my independent investigation and subtract any name found to have been acquired through dubious means. The chairman of the IEC indicated that it was not necessary. This was proposed few days after nomination. It is therefore amazing that nothing was done until the end of the campaign period to try to attack my integrity. I therefore saw the move by the GRTS management as a deliberate tactic to erode the confidence of the voters in me. Taking the margin of victory, I cannot sincerely claim that this unprofessional conduct of the GRTS management barred me from being elected. However, it stands to reason that I cannot have respect for an electoral system which could not protect any integrity at the most relevant period of an electoral process. In this respect, I can only observe that when it came to the battle for mass support NADD was disadvantaged at a time when people had little time to make a decision on to what to do with their votes. I cannot honestly say what the number of votes would have been if the GRTS did not broadcast a farcical picture that NADD was in complicity with corrupt electoral practices which was orchestrated by the Daily Observer newspaper. History will therefore record the tragic-comical scene which should earn GRTS an award in outdoing all broadcasting stations in the world in misrepresenting a Presidential candidate. Notwithstanding my inability to combat the scheme of the GRTS management at the right time, the GRTS team that covered our meeting in the country have enough evidence that NADD is in the heart and minds of the Gambian people irrespective of the attempt to tarnish its image. Let me now focus on the results and the lessons to be derived from them. We are informed by the IEC that Gambia has 670, 336 registered voters. Out of this 392, 685 voted in the 2006 presidential elections. This amounts to 58% of the registered voters. I have 23, 473 votes or 6%, President Jammeh had 264, 404 votes or 67% and Ousainou Darboe has 104, 808 votes or 27%. Interestingly enough in the 2001 presidential elections there were 504, 301 registered voters. 457, 484 voters voted comprising 89.83% of the votes. President Jammeh had 242,304 votes, Ousainou Darboe had 149, 448 votes. Compared to 2001, there is an increase of 166,035 registered voters in 2006. However the number of voters who voted in 2006 as compared to 2001 fell by 64, 799 votes. It is also evident that the number of votes received by President Jammeh increased by 22, 104 votes as compared to 2001 even though there is a rise in number of voters by 166, 000 votes. In the same vein, Ousainou Darboe’s vote decreased from 149, 448 in 2001 to 104,808 in 2006. This is a decline of 44,640 votes. Needless to say, the UDP/NRP/GPDP alliance was based on the premise that if the UDP served as the vanguard of the opposition parties it will accumulate the votes of the NRP leader of 35, 671 in 2001 as well as the votes of other parties to win the election. However, instead of Ousainou Darboe adding 35, 671 votes to his 149,448 he had in 2001 there is a decrease of 80,000 votes from the coalition votes. What is responsible for this? What is responsible for a voter turn out of 392, 685 out of a 670, 336 registered voters. Are the figures realistic or does this mean that all parties in the Gambia are rejected, that the Gambia is a failed democracy? Should all parties resign and allow for a new breed of representatives to emerge or is the country demanding new institutions and approaches to politics that can earn the confidence and trust of the voters in the system? Is the result a strategic victory or a tactical error for the opposition? To be continued UDP SUPPORTERS’ TRIAL ADJOURNED By Modou Jonga The trial of the five supporters of the United Democracy Party at the Brikama Magistrate Court has been adjourned till 12th October 2006, due to the absence of the Presiding Magistrate S.B Tabally who was said to be sick. The five UDP supporters namely Jarreh Fatty, Lamin R. Darboe (the UDP candidate in the recently contested Kombo East by-election), Buba Darboe, Maimuna Jobarteh and Momodou Demba, were all arraigned previously on Monday 7th August 2006. All the accused pleaded not guilty to the preferred charge of assault against them. The accused persons were represented by lawyer Jorbateh. According to the particulars of the offence, the assaults were committed at Pirang village in the Western Division. The Prosecutor was ASP Badjie. The complainants include Lamin Secka, Kawsu Gibba, Sainabou Touray and Awa Jatta. CUBANS PAY HOMAGE TO THEIR COMRADES By Fabakary B. Ceesay The Embassy of the Republic of Cuba and Gambian friends together with the Cuban Health Personnel on Friday 6th October 2006, rendered due homage and tribute to those who fought for peace and outlawed terrorism. The event was to mark the 30th anniversary of the explosion in midair of a commercial Cuban Airliner flight, caused by a bomb planted by confessed terrorists that killed seventy three (73) persons on board. The anniversary was also intended to demonstrate solidarity to the Cuban five who were serving jail terms in the United Stats of America, USA. The Cuban five were acting against the organizers of the explosion of the said Airliner on 6th October 1976. The Cuban five were accused by the US Government for allegedly being spies and members of a secret agency. They were also accused of not being legally registered in the United States. The Cuban five are Gerado Hermandez who got double life sentences, Antonio Gurrero and Ramon Labanino sentenced to life imprisonment both. The other two, Rene Gonzalez and Fernando Gonzalez, got 19 and 15 years respectively. According to the Cuban ambassador, Mr. Carlos M. Salsamendi, there is an on going world wide anti terrorism campaign, for solidarity with the Cuban five and the struggle for their liberation. That this meeting could serve that purpose,” he concluded. KASSA JAATA RE-ARRESTED, RELEASED By Fabakary B. Ceesay and Babucarr K Sowe Dudu Kassa Jaata, who is standing trial alongside seven others, has been re-arrested at the premises of the Kanifing Magistrate Court. He was supposed to appear before Magistrate A. Mbacke on Thursday, 5th October 2006. Mr. Jaata, was approached by S.O Mam Jarra Bittaye of the Kairaba Police Station, while he was standing at the court’s veranda. “Are you Kassa Jaata,” the S.O asked. Kassa replied, “Yes I am.” “You are under arrest,” S.O Bittaye said to him. Kassa replied, “Let me give my items to my friend.” The S.O replied: “Let’s just go to the station, you are a Gambian like me.” Kassa said, “Yes, but I must handover my materials to a friend, you know I used to walk into the station and surrender myself to the police.” He was then whisked away at 10.55 am in a waiting police car, with registration number GPF8KP. Mr. Jaata was later released on bail late in the evening, the same day at 6.30 pm. According to Mr. Jaata, upon his arrival at the Kairaba Police Station, he was interrogated by S.O Mam Jarra Bittaye. He said that, he was asked whether he is a Gambian, and to which political party he belonged and whether he has a connection with councilor Ousman Jatta (Rambo). According to him, he replied that he is a solid and patriotic Gambian, a staunch member of the UDP and that councilor Ousman Jatta (Rambo) is his blood brother. Kassa noted that, he was later put in a cell and that the S.O ordered that nobody should talk to him. He was later released on bail but asked to report the following day, Friday, without being charged. He said that upon reporting on Friday morning, he was detained until at 1:00pm, but he was not put in the cell. “The S.O told me that, they can extend my bail, revoke it or even set me free. One thing I don’t understand is that I was not charged but asked to be reporting frequently,” he lamented. Mr. Jaata emphasised that, his arrest is politically motivated, but that he shall remain in the opposition as long as he lives. “I will die with my principles, because belonging to an opposition party is not a privilege but a right,” he emphasised. It could be recalled that, Dudu Kassa Jaata, is standing trial alongside seven others for allegedly uttering abusive words in public. The incident is alleged to have happened at Bakau, on the 27th of June 2006. To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask]