My Gunjur Brother LJD, You raised very interesting points regarding the "average Samba & Demba" and those who are agitating even though they are in what I refer to as "the belly of the beast". Thanks for the rejoinder and for commentary that is always sober and insightful. Rgds, Jabou Joh -----Original Message----- From: Lamin Darbo <[log in to unmask]> To: [log in to unmask] Sent: Thu, 19 Mar 2009 3:31 am Subject: Re: [>-<] Of Militants, Cowards and Fence-sitters: Disaporan Gambians and the Political Situation in Gambia Buharry  Good conversations, and I am indebted to Jabou for her comprehensive treatment of a timely topic. I agree there appears to be nothing separating you and Jabou on the critical questions of human rights and the rule of law in our public life. And you are right that we must talk in the process of instituting and nurturing democracy in The Gambia.  On the key question of proximity and conduct, I am not sure that the Diaspora has questionable legitimacy in agitating for radical action. This is not to suggest an absence of dilemma considering the Diasporan is out of the zone of immediate danger. However, I suggest to you that some Diasporans were at the forefront of radical action when they lived in The Gambia under the lawless atmosphere of the Professor's repressive regime. Radical action may not necessarily mean engaging in violent disorder, but when others are censoring themselves, Foroyaa, and Halifa, continue to ask questions that greatly irritate the Professor and his sycophants. And I can attest to witnessing Halifa-type conduct in the journalistic, and judicial spheres right inside territorial Gambia. Now outside The Gambia, I wonder if it is proper to shout down such people on their allegedly questionable credibility when they now advocate for conduct they themselves engaged in whilst in Professorland. I would reserve incredulity for those who served repression at policy, including, Cabinet level, and are now in the Diaspora because they were fired.  On your "average Samba and Demba", I am hesitant to accept their aspirations are not of the human rights type for reason of preoccupation with their "daily bread". Intelligence, and, or, the ability to discern, are not necessarily tied to either formal certification, or, education. Take the unschooled house help who feigns excessive obeisance to the master, or mistress, yet engages in sexual activity with one employer when the other is absent. Who is laughing at who? In other words, are your "Samba and Demba" really "average" when they routinely disorganise the matrimonial bed, even as they continue to perfect their sycophantic art anytime an employer approaches the mansion's drive?  I urge you to ponder the issue of whether people are "average", as oppose to being driven by self-interest. If you remain unconvinced, ponder the cleverness of your "average Samba and Demba" as informers against their own side in liberation=C 2struggles, including against Apartheid in South Africa.   I once again thank Jabou for coming to my rescue, and as for you, your tenacity tells me I should be ready for the long haul before taking you on.. Great conversation nevertheless.  As he is no longer there, please do not try to join Pa Musa on the fence.       LJDarbo      --- On Wed, 18/3/09, Momodou Buharry Gassama <[log in to unmask]> wrote: From: Momodou Buharry Gassama <m.gassama@TELIA..COM> Subject: Re: [>-<] Of Militants, Cowards and Fence-sitters: Disaporan Gambians and the Political Situation in Gambia To: [log in to unmask] Date: Wednesday, 18 March, 2009, 1:50 PM Hi Sister Jabou! The scholarliness, maturity and humility displayed in your response are some of the reasons I always look forward to reading your posts. Thank you for engaging. We do not have any disagreements with regard to speaking out about human rights abuses and lack of respect for the rule of law. The issue is how that speaking out is done, what is proposed and how what is proposed is presented. While you might feel that you can speak for all Gambians, others might disagree. There are many people who disagree with what I identify as being problematic in Gambia and are opposed to what I propose as solutions just as I disagree with what they present. That is the beauty of the democracy we wish for Gambia. Disagreeing with20each other does not however mean that we cannot work together to bring about meaningful change. It means that we have to listen to and learn from each other. We can debate fiercely and present and guard our points of view with vigour but we must understand that what we present is true to us but might not be true to others. We therefore need to convince each other. If we fail to convince each other, we just agree to disagree. We might disagree on one topic but agree wholeheartedly on another. I have debated with you and read your debates online for more than a decade and I know where you stand on many issues because you have always been steadfast in presenting and defending them. The issues I raised regarding clamourous condemnation of people on the ground, the urging of people to take to the streets, the issue of fence-sitting etc. were not only limited to your response or to this current debate. Halifa and PDOIS have been known for example, for writing open letters and press releases and have been condemned for doing so as lately as the witch-hunting issue. The issue of urging people to take to the streets has been around for many years. Some time ago, I read some writings on the issue of fence-sitting from the Gambia Post archives. Sister Jabou, I shall never accuse you of blowing hot air because I know better. I have known you as someone who fights for what she believes in both in writing and otherwise. As you stated, we ha ve been on other venues where the thrust was not only debate but project oriented. I sometimes read the archives of the L, Post and other sites and see how many people have, over the years, come and gone with extremely radical pronouncements and instigations for people to take to the streets. These issues are not new and my opinions on them have been expressed over the years and are therefore not new. With regard to misunderstanding what you wrote, it is no problem. While online communication offers great benefits, one of the main disadvantages is the lack of personal touch. One might write something that is misunderstood but would not have been so if it was a conversation with the ability to see facial expressions etc. Then there is the issue of the ?Angalé? (English) per the broken French we speak. It is not our language and for some of us in these parts of the world where it is not the mother tongue, we can go on for weeks or even months without speaking it. We agree on your other points. The way we present our points may be different but their essence is the same. Educating and presenting our viewpoints to the average Gambian is very important. Not assuming that they see things the way we do is vital. You have raised very important questions that need to be studied and dealt with. Your statement ?I have been debating these issues for a long time here on and have lately come to the conclusion that we need to move from debat e to actual tangible, sensible, attainable solutions? is very true. I thank you for engaging in this debate and hope that the points presented by you and others have added light and facilitated retrospection and introspection. In the desire for true democracy in Gambia, we are on the same page. If you have any more questions on the issues I dealt with, I will try to deal with them. Otherwise I would like to book a seat on the fence by Pa Musa?s side for a while before continuing the thread after having exhausted my fifteen minutes in the spotlight. Maybe LJD can be of help (lol). Have a good day. Buharry. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----Original Message---- From: [log in to unmask] Date: 2009-03-16 8:20 To: <[log in to unmask]> Subj: Re: [>-<] Of Militants, Cowards and Fence-sitters: Disaporan Gambians and the Political Situation in Gambia Hello Buharry, Thanks for the response. I am of the point of view that most of the activity, responses, pronouncements etc that disapora Gambians who are opposed to the regime are engaged in has to do with opposition to their human rights violations and the lack of respect for the rule of law more than anything else. Therefore, any response I have given is in relation to those two issues only. First, I must explain that my response to your article was largely intended to address your question of whether those who are vocal online speak for all G ambians again with regard to those two issues. My answer was a resounding yes, and I then proceeded to give the reasons for my answer and why speaking out is also in fact a responsibility for those who can and who chose to. If my response conveyed a different impression, then I failed to be clear and this may be due to me taking shortcuts with my answers due to laziness, lack of time to devote to my response or plain writer's fatigue (I have been debating these issues for a long time here on and have lately come to the conclusion that we need to move from debate to actual tangible, sensible, attainable solutions and of course the jury is still out on just how we can attain that given all the variables) and/or making assumptions that I perhaps should not make in an exchange that demands much more clarity to avoid misunderstanding. You wrote: "What I wrote was neither a recipe for nor an endorsement of "maslaa". It was meant to provoke a process of retrospection and introspection." I agree. "masla" was a word I used to refer to or define those individuals who may acknowledge the physical progress such as new schools etc but who may also turn a blind eye or feign ignorance to the other gross human rights violations they know exist right before their eyes. I should have offered a more thorough explanation of this so that it does not appear that I was relegating all the points you were trying to make into just "masla?. So pl ease accept my apology for that. Also, if my response gave the impression that I was defending the notion of sitting comfortably at a safe distance miles away and urging Gambians on the ground to directly confront the regime in ways that will endanger them, then I think you misread me or I was not clear in what I was trying to convey. I also believe that it is in fact dishonest and cowardly to sit outside the country and urge people to engage in things that one may not do if one was on the ground. I have always held the firm belief that unless I am on the ground to lead a march for example, I have no right to ask or encourage anyone to engage in same and to be truthful, I never fail to be alarmed whenever I see any kind of appeal by those outside the country for people to take confrontational action. I believe my statement that you referenced goes to prove my position on this when you quoted me as having said: ?You also stated that we ?may understand that those who are closer in proximity to the tyrant government of Yaya Jammeh are less free to express themselves for fear of reprisal? For as long as I have been expressing my views with regard to this regime, and it has been since 1997, I have never in anything I have written, urged anyone on the ground to engage in anything that will put them in harm's way for the reason already mentioned. As such, I never said anything in my response that would even r emotely suggest or support such a thing. I have always expressed my viewpoints and my observations unequivocally and left the rest to people to make up their own minds what position to take. You wrote: ?That is why we should not be so condemning of them if they fail to express outrage the way we do thousands of miles away. The Argument is not about expressing outrage. It is about how the outrage is expressed. Most of us would not be expressing outrage the way we do in Stockholm, London, New York etc. if we were in Banjul, Serrekunda, Bakau etc. We cannot be telling people to take to the streets and do this and that without any contingency plans to aid them should they be arrested, fired from work, killed etc.? Again, I think my position on this point is very clear and I do not believe that I have ever engaged in spending a great deal of time condemning anyone or urging them to put themselves in harm?s way. On the contrary, part of my argument was that those of us on the outside who can speak out and who chose to do so have an obligation to continue to do just that because of the limitations faced by people on the ground. You wrote: "I have not argued anywhere that people ignore facts and accept fantasy explanations or that they should not express outrage at anything they view as deserving of such. I agree that there should not be ?divided camps in how we view tyranny and why it has to take all of us, in and outside of The Gamb ia being on the same page to defeat it.?" And indeed you did not and again, perhaps this is another indication of my failure or perhaps laziness to explain myself clearly and in detail in my response and not make assumptions. When I wrote of people engaging in accepting fantasy explanations etc, I was not presenting that as your argument at all. Rather, that is my opinion of the position that those you refer to as the average Gambian who has a different point of view regarding the regime have taken and my view on that issue is that no matter the fact that some Gambians have a different view of the regime, my view is that those same people cannot ignore the fact that unexplained murders, disappearances and illegal detentions have become the order of the day and the Daba Marena and co. case stands as a shining example of this as offered by Lamin Darboe. That for those people to be satisfied with simply measuring progress by infrastructure development alone or the fact that they and their loved ones are untouched by the regime?s disregard for the law or who pacify themselves that there is no tyranny in Gambia for any other reasons or the notion that any other issues people face on the ground is divorced from what those who oppose tyranny are talking about is an indication of living in fantasy given the present day realities in today?s Gambia. Further, my view is also that while some Gambians have the right to beg to differ with regard to the whether Jammeh is a tyrant, there is reality on the ground that they cannot ignore and that we will never have meaningful change if for whatever reason, those same people refuse to acknowledge that while the regime has built schools, and while they are faced with having to manage survival "in the belly of the beast" so to say, they cannot afford to engage in ignoring the fact that the same regime has also taken away their rights and instilled fear in the general populace and they have murdered and maimed our people and this violent trend is escalating and has touched their relative, neighbor co-worker etc and if people do not wake up to the fact that there is a lot that is wrong and that development alone is not enough and is only a part of the entire equation, that living under any government that does not respect the rule of law and pretending that all is well presents a very untenable situation indeed. That it is our duty to keep hammering this point home for the sake of everyone. So perhaps the question of a need to consider the views of the average Gambian should also consider the question of whether those on the ground who have a positive view of Jammeh?s government should not also endeavor to do a retrospective and ask themselves what the reasons they support the regime are and whether it is serving the interest and protecting the rights of all Gambians and whether the protection of rights is impor tant or not. You wrote: "I agree that there should not be ?divided camps in how we view tyranny and why it has to take all of us, in and outside of The Gambia being on the same page to defeat it.?" My point was an attempt to convey the point that continuing to educate our people so that even those who hold a different point of view regarding the regime will come to terms that all is not well, even if the only option we have for that are these online forums must continue is one way we can get on that same page, so I do not think there is any disagreement there, pe rhaps just a misunderstanding. You wrote: "What I argued was that in order to ?be effective conduits of progressive change, we should realign our thought patterns and think on the level of the average Gambian and learn to identify the issues that Gambians hold dear and not the issues we expect them to hold dear.? We cannot just assume that all Gambians view the government as tyrannical because that would be fallacious." I agree with this point of view. However, my thought is that depending on what one is actually advocating for or speaking out against, in this case human rights issues, speaking out against the regime is not necessarily synonymous with a lack of understanding of the issues that Gambians hold dear or forcing them to an acceptance of a view contrary to their?s of course depending on what the average Gambian?s views of what constitutes human rights are. In20my view, while urging people to engage in direct confrontation with the regime is another matter and again something I do not believe in doing, advocating for the rule of law and speaking out against human rights abuses and the abuse of power by the regime is not at odds with what people should hold dear and does not constitute a departure from an understanding of what the average Gambian holds dear. I can accept that there are additional things that those who want to organize against the regime need to include in their strategies,=2 0but my response are limited only to those aspects of the activities that diaspora Gambians who oppose the regime engage in, the issue of human rights. We are Gambia born and bred and speaking for myself as an outspoken Gambian and I am sure many others, know very well the limitations that people face on the ground and the fact that they have to survive under a brutal regime. All of us already know this very well. However, it does not and cannot mean that while the people have to face certain realities on the ground, our advocacy for the rule of law is in fact incompatible with the concerns of the average Gambian. Furthermore, I argue that even if the average Gambian or anyone else thinks that constantly advocating for and lamenting the absence of the rule of law (not urging people to expose themselves to danger through revolt from afar), under the Jammeh regime is an indication of lack of un derstanding of what matters to them, then as opposed to this being an indication of a lack of understanding of what issues matter to them, it is rather an indication of a need on our part to convey to them that our desire is for a better Gambia where one does not have to choose between pure survival by the seat of your pants, a semblance of material gain and loss of dignity and good governance that respects the rule of law. We understand the situation of the people and the conditions unde r which they have to live already. For those of us for whom human rights is the overriding issue, if there is a need to connect with the average Gambian, it is perhaps a need to convey that we do in fact understand the daily survival issues they hold dear but that there is an urgent need for them not to ignore the reality that under a government that has and continues to take away their rights and commit heinous acts against them, those daily issues that pre-occupies them must include an appreciation for the need to find some means of acknowledging that tyranny exists in Gambia and that struggling against tyranny in whatever peaceful manner they can do it is in fact essential to the long term survival of everyone, both supporters and opponents of the regime and confrontation is by no means the only way to struggling against tyranny. Therefore, while I agree that to accomplish our goal for the betterment of all, there is a need f or education and better understanding on both sides, we do not have to compromise on trying to encourage our fellow citizens to accommodate some of those issues some of us hold dear, especially on the issue of whether we have a tyranny or not in The Gambia. I think that most clear thinking human beings will agree that there is no doubt that our country is under the grips of a tyrannical and brutal regime that has relegated our constitution to toilet paper. I also think that all justice loving human beings recognize that tyranny is tyranny and the rule of law is the rule of law. So as I have stated before, you either have justice and the rule of law or you have tyranny, and although some people may choose to ignore the gross human rights violations in the Gambia, and may even go so far as to argue that they did not happen, there are ample facts to prove otherwise. Therefore, on the question of "realigning our thought patterns and thinking on the level of the average Gambian and learn to identify the issues that Gambians hold dear and not the issues we expect them to hold dear", for those opposed to human rights violations, this one has to be one of the issues we expect and hope that all Gambians will hold dear. You wrote: ?What some us do is not only claim to be speaking on behalf of those who are silent. We condemn them over and over without even knowing the reason for their failure to participate. We expect them to carr y out what we deem necessary without even knowing if they agree with what we believe in.? As acknowledged by you already. I wrote this: I am also of the firm belief that those of us who are able to speak without fear have a responsibility to do so and yes indeed, we speak for those who cannot or are too timid to do so, or even out of sheer ignorance and even if they do not recognize or appreciate=2 0this. My statement above is not and was not intended to condemn anyone who is silent or a challenge to them to speak out. I speak out because that is what I believe and what my conscience leads me to do. I also see it as an opportunity to represent those who oppose the regime and who may want to speak out but cannot for various reasons. I have and continue to communicate with people outside of Gambia who are opposed to the regime but do not care to openly manifest that and I have respected their positions otherwise they would not confide in me. You also wrote: ?Other people have vociferously condemned injustice and argued their points of view without condemning people for refusing to accept their viewpoints. They have presented and defended their case and then let the people choose what they want and finally agreed to disagree.? But yous also wrote: "Jabou, you have vigorously argued your beliefs online but I don?t remember you constantly forcing your beliefs and trying to force people to accept them and constantly condemning them for refusing to=2 0do so." So I think that my position on this issue is already known to you. However, I will add that naturally, it goes without saying that not everyone agrees with my point of view and I feel no need to coerce anyone into anything. Everyone has to go where their conscience leads them. I have family members who are firmly in the Jammeh c amp and I do not even attempt to speak for them much less others. At the same time, I do not measure their worth to me by the fact that they are Jammeh supporters. On the contrary, how I feel and what I say against the regime is an open secret and we have agreed to disagree and leave it at that. However, their support of Yaya Jammeh has not and will never drive a wedge between me and my responsibilities in keeping certain family connections intact. At the same time, I also believe that Yaya Jammeh is a tyrant and does not have the interest of any Gambian in his agenda, supporters and opponents alike an in opposing him and speaking out against I am advocating for even those who may not appreciate it. You wrote: ?The case of Malcolm X and the Black Power Movement is different from ours. The Black Power Movement from the Black Muslims, the Black Panthers to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and followers all had organization and ability. The SCLC and SNCC were able to organize civil disobedience because they had the logistics, manpower and organization to effectively do so.? I am afraid that you had read way too much into my simple quotation of Malcolm X. Of course our case is quite different and by quoting his statement that ?we will set you free even if we have to shove freedom down your throats was not=2 0intended to compare our case to the Black Power movement. Our case, as you stated is different from all the struggles you mention and for exactly the same reasons you listed, the most important points being that all these organizations were able to form organizations and they were operating under a government that respects their constitution and had an independent judiciary and where there were people ready and free to protect their rights should they be breached. I hardly think any of us will even remotely mistake that situation with the situation in present day Gambia. My quote was intended to do nothing but emphasize the statement I made above, namely that in speaking out against the regime, I believe that we are speaking for even those who oppose our outspokenness and who consider us so-called troublemakers and even if this is not appreciated.. That was it. You wrote ?If PDOIS or UDP can only offer open letters, press releases etc., that is what they are able to do under the circumstances. If we want them to do something different or against their policies and principles, why don?t we provide the logistics, manpower etc. to enable them to do so? We have over the years seen wa rriors come and go online, blowing hot air and forcing what they deem solutions, albeit unachievable, on people through intimidation. I have always wondered what some people would do if they had the mandate and power Yaya Jammeh has because of the way they behave online without either power or mandate.? Brother Buharry, you can confirm that you and I have been in venues where the issues of how we can make a contribution to efforts on the ground have been the main agendas of discussion and I am certain that no one can conclude that my position at those venues has not always been that the best thing we on the outside can offer is to find out what projects those on the ground want to implement to help our people and to then offer material support. As I already pointed out, I also do not think that I can be accused of being among the warriors coming online, blowing hot air and forcing unachievable proposals on anyone. You wrote: ?I don?t disagree with the need for enlightenment. That is why I am a PDOIS sympathize.? As you know, I am also a PDOIS sympathizer and I am all for educating and enlightening our people so they can make the right choices for themselves. I think that aside from a lack of appreciation of any efforts to instigate people to engage in direct confrontation, I personally do not believe that there are any major departures between what the average Gambian on the ground and what those in the Diaspora think as far as20 the efforts to oppose issues of human rights violations are concerned.  I say this because I firmly believe that a great number if not most Gambians o n the ground know and acknowledge that there are human rights violations and they also know that they are limited in how or even if they can express their opposition to those violations and they appreciate the fact that those of us at a distance can speak out on their behalf. I also think that there is no lack of understanding by both people in and outside of the Gambia that people engage in survival tactics to survive a brutal regime. After that is said and done, and aside from the fact that there are indeed infrastructure improvements, there is the reality of what ensues on the ground with regard to human rights issues on a daily basis. Some survive because they are part of the regime or have ingratiated themselves to the powers that be and it is to their best interest to chose to ignore any unusual happenings and maintain that things are just fine and those of us crying foul are crazy. Others conform out of fear and have developed survival tactics and think this is enough and do not want anyone to rock the boat. Then there are those who are vehemently opposed and who do not want to conform but are forced to out of a lack of an alternate option and are stuck. In conclusion, may I offer the following with regard to your argument that in order to be effective condui ts of progressive change, we should realign our thought patterns and think on the level of the average Gambian and learn20to identify the issues that Gambians hold dear and not the issues we expect them to hold dear. In order to accomplish this, we must also necessarily ask the average Gambian on the ground to answer the following questions: 1. What is their definition of a free society and a tyranny and which do they think exists in The Gambia and why? 2. What is their thought on the murders, disappearances and rampant imprisonment of Gambians? What do they think has happened to those who have disappeared, and are they satisfied with the explanations offered by the government? 3. Do they and t heir families feel safe and secure and are they confident that their rights are well protected in today?s Gambia? 4. Are they satisfied with the way things are and is this how they want Gambia to be for the foreseeable future? 5. What do they think about those Diaspora Gambians who are speaking out against human rights violations at home? Is what they are doing seen as something useful and necessary and if so, is it appreciated by them? If they do not see this advocacy as useful and necessary, why? 6. Can we get a realistic representation of what the people really    think given the current atmosphere of fear? 7. What are the major issues of concern for the average Gambian and      does that c oncern supersede the issue of human rights and the rule of law as it exists in the Gambia today? Realistic=2 0answers to these questions would have to be obtained if we want to gauge whether we are in touch with the issues that matter to the average Gambian or not but the challenges we will encounter in trying to collect this information brings us back to the very reason we are speaking out. Have a wonderful week Buharry. Jabou Joh ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia- L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤=C 2¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤