Well since you mention it..Yes and Infact a good place for Jarrankos and some Niaminakos (Not from Dankunku) to get high...I hope they can take my Sanawyah or joke...LOL Niamo... On Sun, Jul 21, 2013 at 10:38 PM, Y Jallow <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > Nicely debated topic Niomokono, et al. Isn't jinack the known place for > cannabis sitiva? > Thanks > > ------------------------------ > Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2013 22:26:52 +0200 > From: [log in to unmask] > Subject: Re: [G_L] Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites > To: [log in to unmask] > > > Haruna .. > > The Island is a single tiny one,you should go see Niumi Joyoh ..By the way > we have another Island called JINACK Island ,You can travel there from > Fort Bullen at Barra. I think is a well known place for many in Gambia > including some tourists . > > Niamo. > > > On Sun, Jul 21, 2013 at 9:07 PM, Haruna <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > > Great educational service Niamorkono. Thank you. > > It appears James Island is a complex of historical settlements and > artifacts with the tiny island in the middle of the river and Albreda, > Juffureh, and San Domingo in the immediate vicinity of the island but along > the north and south banks of the river. So it is the 0.3 ha island that we > are naming Niumi Joyoh/Joyeh. From your recollections of the area, please > educate us as to whether there is only one tiny island or is it an > archipelago of tiny islands. > > Haruna. > > -----Original Message----- > From: Fye Samateh <[log in to unmask]> > To: GAMBIA-L <[log in to unmask]> > Sent: Sun, Jul 21, 2013 2:13 pm > Subject: Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites > > Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites > > - Description <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/> > - Maps <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/multiple=1&unique_number=897> > - Documents <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/documents/> > - Gallery <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/gallery/> > - Video <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/video> > - Indicators <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/indicators/> > - Assistance <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/assistance/> > > Brief Description > James Island and Related Sites present a testimony to the main periods > and facets of the encounter between Africa and Europe along the River > Gambia, a continuum stretching from pre-colonial and pre-slavery times to > independence. The site is particularly significant for its relation to the > beginning of the slave trade and its abolition. It also documents early > access to the interior of Africa. > James Island and Related Sites present a testimony to the main periods > and facets of the encounter between Africa and Europe along the River > Gambia, a continuum stretching from pre-colonial and pre-slavery times to > independence. The site is particularly significant for its relation to the > beginning of the slave trade and its abolition. It also documents early > access to the interior of Africa. > * Île Kunta Kinteh et sites associés* > L’île James et les sites associés témoignent des principales époques et > aspects de la rencontre entre l’Afrique et l’Europe le long du fleuve > Gambie, un continuum qui s’étend de la période pré-coloniale et > pré-esclavagiste à l’indépendance. Ce site est d’une importance toute > particulière pour son association tant avec les débuts du commerce > d’esclaves qu’avec son abolition. Il témoigne aussi des premières voies > ouvertes vers l’intérieur de l’Afrique. > *جزيرة جيمس والمواقع المتّصلة بها* > تدلّ جزيرة جيمس والمواقع المتصلة بها على الحقبات الرئيسة وأوجه التقاء > إفريقيا وأوروبا على طول نهر غامبيا، ما يشكّل مجموعةً متواصلة تمتدّ من > الفترة التي سبقت الاستعمار والرقّ حتى الاستقلال. يرتدي هذا الموقع أهميةً > خاصة لصلته ببدايات سوق الرقيق وبإلغائه في آن، وهو يشهد أيضاً على الطرق > الأولى المؤدية إلى داخل إفريقيا. > Source: UNESCO/BPI <http://www.unesco.org/ar/home/whc/> > *詹姆斯岛及附近区域* > 詹姆斯岛及附近区域位于冈比亚河(the River > Gambia)沿岸，为非洲与欧洲关系发展史提供了证据，其历史从前殖民地时代开始延续到前奴隶贸易时代，一直到冈比亚独立。这里与奴隶贸易的兴起及废除有着密切关系，同时还记录了早期伸向非洲大陆内陆的重要通道。 > Source: UNESCO/ERI > *Остров Джеймс-Айленд и связанные с ним достопримечательности* > Остров Джеймс-Айленд и связанные с ним достопримечательности – > свидетельства основных периодов и аспектов африкано-европейских > взаимоотношений на территориях вдоль реки Гамбия. Этот непрерывный процесс > охватывает период от доколониальных и дорабовладельческих времен до > обретения независимости. Объект особенно значим своими связями с началом > работорговли и ее отменой. Остров и его достопримечательности также > являются документальными свидетельствами раннего этапа проникновения > европейцев вглубь Африки. > > Source: UNESCO/ERI > *Isla James y sitios anejos* > La Isla James y sus sitios conexos constituyen un testimonio de las > principales épocas y facetas del encuentro entre África y Europa a lo largo > del curso del río Gambia, desde el periodo anterior al esclavismo hasta la > independencia del país, pasando por la época precolonial. El sitio posee un > especial interés histórico por ser uno de los escenarios del inicio y la > posterior abolición del comercio de esclavos, y debido a su papel de > primera vía de acceso al interior del continente africano. > Source: UNESCO/ERI<http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=45692&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html> > *ジェームズ島と関連遺跡群 * > source: NFUAJ <http://www.unesco.jp/> > Other Languages: > English French Arabic Chinese Russian Spanish > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/gallery/> * James Island and Related > Sites © Niels Elgaard Larsen * > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/gallery/> > Outstanding Universal Value > *Brief s**ynthesis* > Kunta Kinteh Island is a small island in the Gambia River which joins the > Atlantic Ocean. Its location in the middle of the river made it a strategic > place to control the waterway. Visited by explorers and merchants in their > search for a sea route to India it became one of the first cultural > exchange zones between Africa and Europe. By 1456 the Island had been > acquired by Portugal from local rulers and the construction of a fort began. > Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites form an exceptional testimony to the > different facets and phases of the African-European encounter, from the > 15th to the 19th centuries. The River Gambia was particularly important > forming the first trade route to the inland of Africa. The site was already > a contact point with Arabs and Phoenicians before the arrival of the > Portuguese in the 15th century. The region forms a cultural landscape, > where the historic elements are retained in their cultural and natural > context. The properties illustrate all the main periods and facets of the > various stages of the African-European encounter from its earliest moments > in the 15th Century through the independence period. > The specific location of Kunta Kinteh Island and its Related Sites, at the > mouth of the Gambia River, is a tangible reminder of the story of the > development of the Gambia River as one of the most important waterways for > trade of all kinds from the interior to the Coast and beyond. The specific, > important role of the site in the slave trade, both in its propagation and > its conclusion, makes Kunta Kinteh Island and it Related Sites an > outstanding memory of this important, although painful, period of human > history. > The property includes Kunta Kinteh Island Fort and a series of sites > associated with the early European occupation of the African continent. The > ensemble has seven separate locations: the whole of *Kunta Kinteh Island*, > the remains of a *Portuguese Chapel*and of a colonial warehouse (*CFAO > Building*) in the village of Albreda, the *Maurel Frères Building *in the > village of Juffureh, the remains of the small Portuguese settlement of *San > Domingo*, as well as *Fort Bullen* and the *Six-Gun Battery*. Fort Bullen > and the Six-Gun Battery are at the mouth of the Gambia River, whilst Kunta > Kinteh Island and the other sites are some 30 km upstream. > The development of Kunta Kinteh Island differed greatly from the many > other forts, castles, and trading posts found in other parts of West Africa > in that the main focus of the Kunta Kinteh Island site was the control of > the hinterland and its riches rather than control of the coast and the > trade that passed along it. > The Six-Gun Battery (1816) and Fort Bullen (1826), located on both sides > of the mouth of the River Gambia came much later than Kunta Kinteh Island > and were built for the specific intent of thwarting the trade in slaves > once it had become illegal in the British Empire after the passing of the > Abolition Act in 1807. They are the only known defensive structures in the > region to have been built specifically to stop slaving interests. The other > fortifications of the region (including Kunta Kinteh Island), were > constructed as a means of enhancing and controlling the trade in slaves > (and commodities) rather than stopping it. These two military positions > allowed the British to take full control of the River Gambia, eventually > paving the way for the establishment of colonial government, a period > well-illustrated by many colonial buildings in Banjul and the Governor’s > Rest House at Fort Bullen. Finally, Fort Bullen shows evidence of its > re-use during the Second World War (1939-1945) as a strategic observatory > and artillery post. This later period illustrates yet another European > rivalry that spread to the African continent. > * * > *Criterion (iii): *Kunta Kinteh Island and related sites on the River > Gambia provide an exceptional testimony to the different facets of the > African-European encounter, from the 15th to 20th centuries. The river > formed the first trade route to the inland of Africa, being also related to > the slave trade. > > *Criterion (vi): *Kunta Kinteh Island and related sites, the villages, > remains of European settlements, the forts and the batteries, were directly > and tangibly associated with the beginning and the conclusion of the slave > trade, retaining its memory related to the African Diaspora. > > *Integrity* > The six parts of the serial nomination together present a testimony to the > main periods and facets of the Afro-European encounter along the River > Gambia, a continuum that stretched from pre-colonial and pre-slavery times > to the period of independence and in particular to the beginning and the > abolition of the slave trade, as well as documenting the functions of the > early access route to the inland of Africa. The six sites encompass all the > key remains. > All the sites except the *CFAO* and *Maurel Frères Buildings* are ruins. > The *CFAO Building* has been restored and provided with adequate sea > defence. The *Maurel Frères Building* was restored in 1996 and is in a > good state of conservation. The Portuguese chapel and San Domingo are in a > state of ruins, but these have been stabilized, with the most endangered > parts reinforced during 2000. > The isolated position of Kunta Kinteh Island in the river has conserved > its setting to the present day. Fort Bullen is also bordered by the river > on one side and a large open tract of land on the other, naturally serving > as a buffer zone and helping to preserve its setting. It is in a relatively > good state of conservation, though the wall on the seaward side is > suffering from sea erosion. Parts have collapsed and 20 metres were rebuilt > in 2000. The Six-Gun Battery is in a good state of conservation. The ruined > sites need on-going maintenance if they are not to deteriorate over time. > > *Authenticity* > Kunta Kinteh Island Fort was subject to destruction on numerous occasions. > Since the last time by the French, in 1779, it has remained a ruin with > only minor attempt at consolidation and minimizing the effects of sea > erosion. The Island is a landmark for all concerned with the slave trade, > especially the local community and Africans in the Diaspora. Apart from a > short period of re-use during the Second World War, Fort Bullen and the > Six-Gun Battery were similarly abandoned in the late 19th century. At San > Domingo there are very few visible remains, but the area has considerable > potential for archaeological research. The ruins that convey the > Outstanding Universal Value are extremely vulnerable to erosion. At the > time of inscription the ruined sites were seen to be part of a wider > cultural landscape that needed protection in order to protect the setting > of the sites and to allow them to be understood. > > *Protection and management requirements * > Kunta Kinteh Island, Fort Bullen and all the significant historic > buildings in the Albreda-Juffureh complex are legally protected as National > Monuments (1995) under the National Council for Arts and Culture Act, 1989 > (revised 2003). The proclamation instrument also establishes a buffer zone > for all the sites that should be kept free of incompatible developments > with adverse effects on their setting. As National Monuments the historic > structures are under the custodianship of the National Centre for Arts and > Culture (NCAC) who are responsible for their conservation and upkeep. Day > to day management rests with the Directorate of Cultural Heritage of the > NCAC, who employ site attendants and caretakers. The Six-Gun Battery is > located within the State House grounds and is protected by the Office of > the President. The sites also have a 5-year management plan that sets out > what is acceptable at the individual sites and at national level. This plan > was prepared as a result of the joint effort of ten different national and > local organisations, supported by the Africa 2009 programme. > The financial resources required for the management and maintenance of the > sites are relatively scarce, and come mainly from entrance fees. Every > three months, the Head of the Museums and Monuments section of the NCAC > performs a physical inspection of the sites. This condition assessment is > carried out with a representative of the local stakeholders and, if > possible, with a local guide. A brief report is prepared after each visit > and these are summarized in an annual report. > Since 1996 the Gambia Government, through its Department of State for > Tourism and Culture, has instituted an annual event called the > ‘International Roots Homecoming Festival’. Considered to be a “heritage > week”, the main aim is to attract visitors from the African Diaspora. The > festival usually devotes a daylong spiritual pilgrimage to Kunta Kinteh > Island and the Albreda-Juffureh area. To the visitors the property has > symbolic and emotional significance, as a visit to Kunta Kinteh Island is a > pilgrimage to their roots. As a piece of historical evidence, much can be > learnt from the Island, and it already forms part of the history and social > studies syllabus in Gambian schools. > The property contains very fragile ruins that need to be protected and > conserved as the tangible elements that convey Outstanding Universal Value. > There needs to be ongoing maintenance monitoring and conservation to allow > these ruins to have the best chance of survival and be robust enough to > withstand the onslaughts of nature. > Long Description > James Island and the related sites on the Gambia River provide exceptional > testimony to the different facets of the African-European encounter, from > the 15th to the 20th centuries. The river formed the first trade route into > the interior of Africa and became an early corridor for the slave trade. > The sites were directly and tangibly associated with the beginning and the > conclusion of the slave trade, retaining its memory related to the African > diaspora. > The property consists of seven separate sites: the whole of James Island, > the remains of a Portuguese chapel and a colonial warehouse in the village > of Albreda, the Maurel Frères Building in the village of Juffureh, the > remains of a small Portuguese settlement of San Domingo, as well as Fort > Bullen and the Six-Gun Battery, which are located in three different > districts in Gambia. Fort Bullen and the Battery are at the mouth of the > Gambia River, while James Island and the other sites are some 30 km > upstream. Albreda, Juffureh and San Domingo are contained within a large > buffer zone, which stretches 12 km along the coastline of the Gambia River, > extending some 500 m inland from the high-water line. James Island is a > small island (0.3 ha) in the middle of the Gambia River, which made it a > strategic place from which to control the waterway. > The original structures comprise the fort itself, the slave house, the > governor's kitchen, the blacksmith's shop and a store, all now in ruins. > The fort is situated in the middle of this low island and is vulnerable to > flooding by the tidal waters. Albreda, a Mandingo village on the north bank > of the river, is surrounded by agricultural land and is part of the buffer > zone, but it contains two buildings that are included in the inscription. > The chapel, built by the Portuguese in the late 15th century, is in ruins. > Just 30 m to the west of the chapel is a free-standing wall, which is > contemporaneous with the church. The Compagnie Française d'Afrique > Occidentale Building, at the water's edge near the wharf, is a two-storey > building with an adjacent warehouse. The ground floor served as a shop and > store for goods and the top floor as a residence. > Juffureh, a typical Mandingo village, consists of traditional buildings, > family compounds surrounded by woven fences, and small public open spaces. > The Maurel Frères Building was constructed around 1840 by the British and > was later used as a warehouse by a Lebanese trader named Maurel. Now it is > a small museum on the Atlantic Slave Trade in the Senegambia. > San Domingo, 1 km east of Albreda, was a colonial settlement first > established by the Portuguese in the late 15th century. It used to contain > gardens, a church, a cemetery, and a well; today only ruins of a small > house remain, built from lateritic stone and lime mortar. Close by there > are remains of the former English settlement of Jillifree. > Six-Gun Battery was completed in 1821 in Bathurst, founded in 1816, now > Banjul, on Saint Mary Island. The Battery consists of six 24-pounder guns, > installed on rails, and protected by a large parapet made from stone and > lime mortar. Fort Bullen is at the end of Barra Point, opposite the city of > Banjul, on the north bank of the river at the point where it meets the > ocean. The fort is protected from the sea by a defensive wall of stone and > boulders. The site is close to the Banjul-Barra ferry landing. The fort > buildings include the Old Rest House built from mud, the residence of the > Travelling Commissioner of the colonial administration at the beginning of > the century. > The area of the Gambia River has long been inhabited. The territory was > under the rule of the Kingdom of Kaabu, an offshoot of the Mali Empire (*c > * . 1200-1867), and the Jollof Kingdom (*c* . 1300-1500). Kaabu played an > important role in Atlantic-oriented trade before Europeans arrived, being > in contact with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, as well as the Arabs > (from 1000 CE). The Portuguese reached the Senegambia between 1446 and > 1456, when searching for the sea route to India. In the 16th century, > English ships ventured into the Gambia region, and by the end of the > century the Dutch also arrived. Slaves became another trading item, > especially in the 18th century, until slavery was abolished. > Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC Historical Description [in French only] > La région du fleuve Gambie est depuis longtemps habitée, comme en > attestent par exemple les anciens cercles de pierre et monticules > funéraires (mbanar) connus dans les empires du Ghana, du Mali et de > Songhai. Le territoire était sous la férule du royaume de Kaabu, une > émanation de l'empire du Mali (vers 1200-1867), et de l'empire Jollof (vers > 1300-1500). Kaabu jouait un rôle important dans le commerce vers > l'Atlantique avant l'arrivée des Européens, car il était en contact avec > les Phéniciens et les Carthaginois, ainsi que les Arabes (à partir de 1000 > apr. J.- C.). Les Portugais atteignirent la Sénégambie entre 1446 et 1456, > alors qu'ils cherchaient la route maritime vers l'Inde. En 1482, ils > construisirent le fort São Jorge da Mina (Elmina) sur la Côte d'Or > (aujourd'hui le Ghana). Au XVIe siècle, des navires britanniques > s'aventurèrent dans la région de la Gambie, suivis à la fin du siècle par > les Hollandais. Les esclaves devinrent un autre objet de négoce, le > commerce du « bois d'ébène » battant son plein au XVIIIe siècle, jusqu'à > l'abolition de l'esclavage en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis en 1807, > puis dans les colonies françaises en 1848. > Avec le fleuve Gambie permettant d'accéder à l'intérieur des terres, les > zones côtières devinrent la principale frontière d'acculturation. Kaabu > conserva sa religion traditionnelle, barrant la route à l'Islam jusqu'au > XIXe siècle. Les Portugais établirent le contact avec la population > indigène, les Niuminkas, initiant une période de commerce et de relations > interculturelles qui, au fil des cinq siècles suivants, modifièrent > considérablement le visage de la Gambie. Le fleuve Gambie étant l'un des > fleuves les plus aisément navigables d'Afrique, il présentait aussi > l'avantage particulier de permettre d'accéder au vaste arrière-pays. L'île > James et les peuplements associés abritent les témoignages physiques des > principaux peuplements marchands européens du XVe au XIXe siècle et de la > rencontre entre l'Europe et l'Afrique. > L'île James servait de lieu de repos aux pêcheurs longtemps avant > l'arrivée des Européens. Ses souverains héréditaires étaient et sont > toujours des Niuminkas, auxquels elle fut rachetée par une compagnie du > duché de Courlande (aujourd'hui Lettonie), qui commença la construction du > premier fort en 1651. Elle fut reprise par les Britanniques, qui la > baptisèrent île James, du nom du duc d'York. Le fort fut détruit et > reconstruit à plusieurs reprises, passant de mains en mains entre les > Britanniques, les Français, les Hollandais, mais aussi des pirates et des > mutins. En 1815, l'île James fut abandonnée et est depuis demeurée en > ruines. > San Domingo, à l'est du village de Juffureh, est le premier peuplement > portugais de la région. Il fournissait l'île James en eau potable ; c'est > aussi là que les marchands européens rencontraient leurs homologues > africains. Albréda, probablement un autre peuplement portugais, fut loué > aux marchands français en 1681. Il devint l'emplacement du comptoir > français en Gambie. Albréda et San Domingo étaient les principaux comptoirs > marchands du royaume de Niumi et le « destination finale », vers l'ouest, > des longues routes marchandes venues de l'intérieur des terres. À la > demande des Anglais, les Français abandonnèrent le site en 1857 mais > revinrent, comme le montrent les vestiges des bâtiments de deux compagnies > marchandes françaises, Maurel Frères et CFAO. Juffureh est le village des > marchands mandingues, le lieu où les Britanniques faisaient leurs affaires > et depuis lequel ils gouvernaient la région. > La batterie à six canons (1816) et le Fort Bullen (1826), situés des deux > côtés de l'embouchure de la Gambie, furent construits dans l'intention > d'éliminer le commerce des esclaves une fois celui-ci déclaré illégal dans > l'empire britannique, après l'adoption de la loi d'abolition en 1807. Les > sites furent abandonnés en 1870. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, > l'armée britannique réutilisa le fort Bullen comme observatoire et base > d'artillerie pour se protéger contre une éventuelle attaque des Français, > qui contrôlaient le Sénégal. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le fort fut > à nouveau abandonné. > Source: Advisory Body Evaluation > Media > > - Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites (UNESCO/NHK)<http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761/video> > > Activities > > - Slave Routes <http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/712/> > > *Gambia* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gm> > Lower Niumi and Upper Niumi districts > and Banjul Municipality > N13 18 58.2 W16 21 25.9 > *Date of Inscription:* 2003 > *Criteria: *(iii)(vi) <http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/> > *Property :* 7.60 ha > *Buffer zone:* 300 ha > *Ref:* 761rev > > > > > World Heritage Map is loading.. please wait > Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites > <http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=13.40082%2c-16.464486&z=3&t=k&hl=no-NO&mapclient=apiv3> > KartdataBilder ©2013 NASA, TerraMetrics - Bruksvilkår<http://www.google.com/intl/no-NO_US/help/terms_maps.html> > Kartdata > Bilder ©2013 NASA, TerraMetrics > Bilder ©2013 NASA, TerraMetrics > Rapportér en feil med kartet<http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=13.40082%2c-16.464486&z=3&t=k&hl=no-NO&mapclient=apiv3&skstate=action:mps_dialog$apiref:1&output=classic> > + > • > - > Road > Hybr > sat > Relief > *Media* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761#media> > *Activities* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761#activities> > Play the World Heritage Game and find the 6 letters of UNESCO at this > World Heritage site <http://www.worldheritagegame.com/en/welcome> > > - Global Strategy <http://whc.unesco.org/en/globalstrategy/> > - Criteria <http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/> > - Tentative Lists <http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/> > - World Heritage List Nominations<http://whc.unesco.org/en/nominations/> > - > World Heritage List <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/> > - New Inscriptions <http://whc.unesco.org/en/newproperties/> > - Interactive Map <http://whc.unesco.org/en/interactive-map/> > - World Heritage in Danger <http://whc.unesco.org/en/158/> > - The List in Danger <http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/> > - Success Stories <http://whc.unesco.org/en/107/> > > 37th Committee SessionPhnom Penh, Cambodia, 16 June - 27 June 2013Documents | Registration | Webcast ... > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/37COM/> > Donate Now Donate now and help preserve World Heritage sites > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/donation> > *Committee sessions* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/> > *General Assembly* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/#ga> > Statutory Documents <http://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/> > Committee decisions <http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/> > More sessions... <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/> > *The 37th session (2013)* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/37COM/> > Documents <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/37COM/documents/> > Decisions <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/37COM/> > *About World Heritage* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/> > The Convention <http://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/>, Convention Text > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/> > Operational Guidelines <http://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/> > The Emblem <http://whc.unesco.org/en/emblem/> > The States Parties <http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/> > The Advisory Bodies <http://whc.unesco.org/en/advisorybodies/> > The Centre <http://whc.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-centre/> > Employments & Internships <http://whc.unesco.org/en/employments/> > Who's Who <http://whc.unesco.org/en/whoswho/> > *The List* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/> > World Heritage List <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/> > World Heritage in Danger <http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/> > New Inscriptions (2013) <http://whc.unesco.org/en/newproperties/> > Criteria <http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/> > Tentative Lists <http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/> > World Heritage List Nominations <http://whc.unesco.org/en/nominations/> > *Reporting & Monitoring* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/118/> > State of Conservation (SOC) <http://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/> > Periodic Reporting <http://whc.unesco.org/en/pr-questionnaire/> > Questionnaires 2008-2015 <http://whc.unesco.org/en/pr-questionnaire/> > Reactive Monitoring <http://whc.unesco.org/en/173/> > Africa <http://whc.unesco.org/en/africa/> > Arab States <http://whc.unesco.org/en/arabstates/> > Asia & Pacific <http://whc.unesco.org/en/287/> > Latin America and the Caribbean <http://whc.unesco.org/en/lac/> > Europe and North America <http://whc.unesco.org/en/eur-na/> > *Partnerships* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/partnerships/> > Become a Partner <http://whc.unesco.org/en/become-partner/> > What Partners Do <http://whc.unesco.org/en/rolepartenaires/> > Our Partners <http://whc.unesco.org/en/partners/> > *Activities* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/> > All our activities <http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/> > Volunteer <http://whc.unesco.org/en/volunteer/> > Group Tools <http://whc.unesco.org/en/281/> > *Publications* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/publications/> > World Heritage Review <http://whc.unesco.org/en/review/> > Series <http://whc.unesco.org/en/series/> > Resource Manuals <http://whc.unesco.org/en/resourcemanuals/> > World Heritage wall map <http://whc.unesco.org/en/map/> > More publications ... <http://whc.unesco.org/en/publications/> > *Funding* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/funding/> > World Heritage Fund <http://whc.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-fund/> > International Assistance <http://whc.unesco.org/en/intassistance> > *More* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/761#> > Contacts <http://whc.unesco.org/en/contacts/> > Site Map <http://whc.unesco.org/en/sitemap/> > Become a member <http://whc.unesco.org/en/register> > *Donate Now!* <http://whc.unesco.org/en/donation/> > © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2013 > <http://whc.unesco.org/en/disclaimer/> > United Nations > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search > in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > > > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search > in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html > > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤