I second this motion Ebrima.
Haruna.
-----Original Message-----
From: Ebrima Ceesay <[log in to unmask]>
To: GAMBIA-L <[log in to unmask]>
Sent: Sun, Oct 13, 2013 3:32 pm
Subject: Re: Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Greetings Yero,
Eidgreetings to you in advance. Wishing you and the family a blessed day of Eid-ulAdha - filled with peace, spirituality and forgiveness. I have got some ideas -in terms of the way forward and practical/workable solutions to the Gambiancrisis. I will share these ideas with you - in due course - whenever timepermits. For example, I do believe that the seat (to be) vacated by Yahya Jammehat the forthcoming Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, to be held in SriLanka, should be occupied or given to the Diaspora Gambian opposition. We (Gambians)should lobby to have someone of high standing from the Diasporan opposition (or Civil Society) representthe Gambia at the next commonwealth summit to be held in Colombo from 15 to 17November 2013. It should be someone with high reputation in thecommunity who would be expected to speak at the summit on behalf of the Gambia.This would be an important symbolic victory for the (Diasporan) opposition and adevastating blow to Jammeh’s prestige/bluff.
Regards,
Ebrima
Date: Sun, 13 Oct 2013 10:33:20 -0500
From: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [G_L] [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
To: [log in to unmask]
Thanks again Dr. Ceesay.
I wanted to acknowledge your beautiful write-up and thank you for the effort you put into it. I enjoyed going through your reasoning, ala model of democracy. I would have loved to write more, and time permitting, I will reference more of your work. Thanks for the eye-opener points.
I wish you and all the Muslim umma a happy eid-ul adha in advance!
Best regards,
Yero
From: [log in to unmask]
To: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask]
Date: Sat, 12 Oct 2013 16:50:59 +0000
Subject: Re: [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Greetings Yero,
I am a democratand believe in democracy but not in the context of The Gambia under PresidentYahya Jammeh. The Gambian situation is very complex and deeply troubling. InThe Gambia’s case, it is my view that elections will never unseat PresidentJammeh. In fact, presidential elections in The Gambia are so predictable becausethe playing field clearly, is not level. The outcome of Presidential Electionsin the Gambian under Jammeh is always a foregone conclusion, in my view. When Ilisten to Presidential election result in the Gambia, I do so, not because I amexpecting an opposition upset, but just to hear how big Jammeh’s winning marginwould be as opposed to the preceding elections.
The sad thing isthat we are dealing with a person (Jammeh) who is ritualistic and believes inthe superstitious practice of ritual killings. For instance, a western diplomatin Banjul said, off the record, just the other day, that he had seen enoughevidence to convince him that the execution of nine prisoners in the Gambia inAugust 2012 was for ritual purposes. In July 2012, a Senegalese (female) ‘sorceress’predicted Jammeh’s overthrow within 100 days, unless he sacrificed human bloodand organs. To prolong his stay in power, Jammeh was told to kill an odd numberof people (nine), including a woman, and then to retrieve some of their organsfor ritual purposes. This explains why Jammeh has, to date, refused to handover (or return) the corpses to family members and loved ones. It is an opensecret that Jammeh, since 1994, has been practising the ritualslaughter/sacrifice of animals. Mutilated bodies of animals have been found inthe gardens of State House in Banjul several times. A Malian (male) ‘sorcerer’warned Jammeh to be wary of a woman in his Cabinet who was wearing a Muslim hijab. The next day, the Presidentsacked his Higher Education Minister, Dr Mariama Sarr-Ceesay - she was the onlyone in the Cabinet who wore a Muslim hijabon a daily basis.
Dictator Jammehgives the appearance of subscribing to the democratic process to The Gambianpeople and to the international community. For him, as I explained in great detailin my book, the elections have served the very useful purpose of giving him a‘legitimacy card’ to play on the political scene in The Gambia. Jammeh has beencareful to use elections to set the stage in his favour. However, the outcomeof these elections has never been in doubt to the ruling regime in The Gambia.Defeat at the ballot box is not an issue since the regime rigs the elections tosuit itself. The elections serve to give some credence to the existence of afunctioning democratic state whilst masking the reality of an absolutedictatorship. The Presidential elections have over the years served the purposeof legitimising the Jammeh/APRC regime.
In fact, sincethe July 1994 coup, elections and electioneering processes in the Gambia haveincreasingly edged towards the consolidation of incumbency. Patterns ofelections in The Gambia suggest a move towards a de facto one-party system and the status quo has not been caused bythe lack of an opposition, nor is the opposition to blame for the fact that theGambia is today for, all intents and purposes, a one party dictatorship. What hashappened is that Jammeh has, over the years, used the politics of fear, force, terrorand coercion quite effectively. He made sure that he has institutionalised,militarised and polarised the entire political and social spaces in the country.He has effectively used terror, force, fear and coercion as a driving and motivatingfactor, in order to get the Gambian people to vote for him.
In other words, bysuccessfully employing the politics of fear, force, brutality, terror, andcoercion, the civil service and public enterprises (institutionalisation), thesecurity forces and party militants (militarisation) and society (polarisation)have all openly and actively supported and campaigned for the ruling APRC. And sadly,this has meant that the opposition has been squeezed out.
In theDemocratisation (academic) literature, the phrase “fear-induced landslide electionvictories” has been used in relation to cases like the Gambia and Zimbabwe(under Mugabe). To understand the Gambian/African situation better, I suggestyou read this excellent book, Africa Works: Disorder as PoliticalInstrument African Issues, by Patrick Chabal, Jean-Pascal Daloz.
Comparing/contrastingelections in the pre-1994 period and the post-1994 era is quite instructive. Underformer president Jawara, there was a sense of independence between government,state institutions and the rest of society. In short, there was autonomybetween the State and other social powers, such as the military, the Mosque, Church,Public Enterprises and the social movements. But under Jammeh, their identitieshave been blurred - through the politics of fear, force, brutality, terror andcoercion. Through fear, repression, tyranny, terror and coercion, Jammeh has hada total control of the political and social spaces, and this has meant thatopposition voices cannot be heard and that the majority of the Gambian peoplecannot express their hopes and aspirations outside the structures of the rulingAPRC.
Therefore, elections,in my view, will not unseat Jammeh, nor do I expect a successful coup or apeople’s uprising. A coup attempt is possible, but a successful coup isunlikely, given the composition of the Gambia National Army, whose key positionsare today, occupied/manned by Jammeh loyalists - mainly from his Jola tribe. Infact, it has since been confirmed that Jammeh’s personal security protection isprovided by MFDC rebels from Casamance who belong to his Jola tribe. Uprisingin The Gambia is also unlikely, as long as Gambians in the Diaspora are sendingremittances to the country (which now amount to $150 Million Dollars per annum).Although there is severe economic hardship in the country, the remittances fromDiaporan Gambians have meant that the real nature of the economic hardship grippingaverage Gambians today is not as evident/observable, as it should be. In otherwords, the true economic crisis in the country is not biting the average Gambian,as it should be, because of the endless financial support that local Gambiansare getting from family members and loved ones in the Diaspora. But given thesizeable youthful population of the Gambia, one can speculate here, that aninternally-driven uprising in the country would have been likely/possible ifthe remittances were to stop today. Although this is moot point (orunrealistic) given the fact that Diaporan Gambians will never stop sendingmoney to family members and loved ones.
In my view, fornow, only two things can only lead to the ousting of Yahya Jammeh.
1. Aserious miscalculation on the part of President Jammeh, especially in relationto Senegal. The determination of the newSenegalese leadership to solve the Casamance issue in Southern Senegal couldeventually cost Jammeh his presidency. He recently told a special envoy from President Macky Sall of Senegal,that he (Jammeh) was “ready to go to war with Senegal at any time”, as theSenegalese were harbouring his enemies. In fact, Jammeh decided to remove DrMamadou Tangara from the Cabinet and moved him to New York because he was “servingthe Senegalese interest” by being a go-between. President Jammeh did not like the fact thatthe Senegalese authorities were having access to him via Dr Tangara. Therefore, Jammeh’s complacency, ineptitudeand misreading of the Senegalese situation, as well as his lack of understandingof Senegal’s geo-political intentions could lead, sooner or later, to hisdownfall. I am reminded of the late president Idi Amin of Uganda who made a bigmiscalculation and invaded Tanzania in 1979. Idi Amin ruled Uganda with an ironfist and was feared by the people. He miscalculated the hatred Ugandans had forhim and the reaction of the late Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere. Idi Amin's downfall came as the result ofattempting to annex Kagera, a Northern Province of Tanzania. President JuliusNyerere sent his troops into the Ugandan capital of Kampala along with rebelUgandan forces. Amin fled to Libya and eventually ended up in Saudi Arabia,where he died. Amin made a serious political miscalculation in launching anattack Tanzania and he paid the price. Itled to his removal from power.
2. Divineintervention!! Jammeh is not immortal.
The politicalsituation in The Gambia gives democrats throughout the world a huge cause forconcern, which has not been lessened by Jammeh’s recent decision to take TheGambia out of the Commonwealth. Who knows what his intentions for this smallcountry are in the next few years?
Regards,
Ebrima
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2013 07:46:04 -0500
From: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [G_L] [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
To: [log in to unmask]
Dr. Ceesay,
Greetings back and I entirely share and agree with your summary below. I can understand how Gambia's political nightmare will discourage any believer in democracy and rule of law from actively participating in the political sphere. Activism as always comes with sweet and bitter encounters. On one end, we see hope and light at the end of the tunnel, the pride of rejuvinating the "Sankandi" spirit if Lawyer Mai and the great Kondorong will allow me borrow their word. On the other end, there is so much state terror, betrayals, confusion and unnecessary puffs blowing in the air. With all that, we the people, will take courage from the strength of our genuine, considerate and sincere compatriots to bring shine.
It is entirely fine to talk on any subject matter of your choice. Trust me, Demba will get you talking on even soccer which you seem to be a great fan. :)
Humor aside, just any message you want to share with the younger folks like Suntou would have said, is just perfect. Like you, I look forward to LJD's written account in a book.
Best wishes & kind regards,
Yero
From: [log in to unmask]
To: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask]
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2013 22:27:47 +0000
Subject: Re: [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Greetings Yero,
I have just seen your email, as I was watching football tonight. I do not mind granting interviews. In fact, I gave a long one to Radio France International in English, after the last elections, but to be frank with you, I am no longer interested in debates about the current political situation in the country. The tyranny (or the chaos) gripping the Gambia is there for everyone to see. As a student of political science, I am now more interested, these days, in the challenges of stabilisation, reformation and reconstruction in post-Jammeh Gambia. The challenges that the post-Jammeh reconstruction process poses should not be underestimated; and I sincerely believe that it is imperative that Gambians (should) now start planning ahead for some of the intractable problems that lie ahead (in the post Jammeh era). There are many pitfalls ahead for post-Jammeh Gambia and rebuilding the Gambian nation after Jammeh will certainly require collaborative efforts. Needless to say, it will be a long-term effort and an arduous task for that matter, with many set-backs to be anticipated. The future of post-Jammeh’s Gambia is at stake. In fact, I am of the view that the destruction that Jammeh has done to the country, especially in relation to the social fabric, is beyond repair. Can Gambia rebuild itself after Jammeh? Unless there is both ownership (repentance) and forgiveness, the divisions and wounds opened up by the Jammeh era will never be healed. Reconciliation will only occur if the offenders (Jammeh and colleagues) accept full responsibilities for their actions and we (the victims) forgive them.
Regards,
Ebrima
PS: However, let me place on record that I do applaud the efforts of all you – the indefatigable Fatou Jaw Manneh, the inexhaustible Pa Samba Jow (respect bro), Musa Jeng, Banka Manneh, Yanks Darboe, Bamba Mass, Dr Janneh, Siga Jagne, Joe Sambou, the brilliant Lamin Darboe, Mathew Jallow, Abdou Karim Sanneh, my in-law Essa Bokarr Sey (Archipo.com) and the tireless and able Pa Nderry Mbai
From: [log in to unmask]
To: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask]
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2013 00:03:32 -0500
Subject: Re: [>-<] [G_L] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Dr. Ceesay,
Thanks a million. I was recently enlightened to some of your past activism in these forums. Pa Samba Jow (coach) gave a warm tribute to you during our 7th anniversary. We celebrate all of you, inshallahu!
It won't hurt to come on radio one of the weekends when time permits you.
Best regards & you all keep it up with the enlightenment. I am getting inspired more to action work when it comes to activism and Demba can't handle my views. :)
Congrats again while we celebrate all the book authors, one by one.
Best,
Yero.
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2013 16:46:56 -0700
From: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [G_L] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
To: [log in to unmask]
Dr. Ceesay,
Thank you so much. We are still looking forward to those tapes. These are historically valuable information that we will be privileged to have. May be sent us we can copy on MP3 and mail back originals if time is a factor in copying them.
Thanks
Demba
On Tue, Oct 1, 2013 at 3:01 PM, Ebrima Ceesay <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Greetings Yero,
Letme take this opportunity to congratulate you and Demba (belatedly) on Gainako's 7th anniversary. You, Dembaand the rest of the editorial team, deserve commendation for maintainingGainako these seven long years. It has been seven years of fruitful andselfless service. I/we wish you a very happy anniversary with many more yearsto follow.
Ona different subject, I have some historic audio tapes on the July 1994 coup andthe transition period (1994-1996) that I intend to send to Gainako for your radio listeners. I havealready promised Demba - copies of these rare tapes, in a previous private email.These tapes include many BBC programmes on the Gambia featuring me, HalifaSallah, Pap Cheyassin Secka, Zaya Yeebo etc. Panel discussions on the Gambia,conducted by the BBC Focus on Africa programme, featuring the same people. Theyalso include several live (on air) interviews the legendary BBC's Robin Whitehad had with me; the first press conference of Ousainou Darboe in Banjul -announcing the formation of the UDP. Darboe was assisted in this pressconference, which I covered, by the late Sidia Sanyang, Ebou Manneh and others.I had an extensive interview with the eloquent Sidia Sanyang (deceased)afterwards, where he outlined the raison d'être for forming a new party. (SidiaSanyang had an unsurpassed command of both oral and written English). There isalso an interview Barnaby Phillips, formerly of the BBC and now withAljazeera, had had with Sidia Sanyang and Ousainou Darboe when they soughtrefuge at the Senegalese High Commission in Pipeline, a day after the September2006 Presidential Election in The Gambia. Will definitely find time to copysome of these tapes for Gainako.
Regards,
Ebrima
Avery happy Arsenal Fan tonight
From: [log in to unmask]
To: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask]
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2013 18:17:15 -0500
Subject: Re: [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Dr. Ceesay,
Thanks for sharing. Congrats to name-sake for the publication of his first book on matters Gambia, his scholarstic achievement and for his subsequent employment as a lecturer. I look forward to the many reviews and probably doing "snail" touches on these books for reference.
It is good to see many Gambians writing books now-a-days. We are moving from the oral account of things to written narations. It is a welcomed development.
Best of luck in all the positive endeavors bro Alagi!!
Yero.
From: [log in to unmask]
To: [log in to unmask]; [log in to unmask]
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2013 18:41:28 +0000
Subject: [>-<] Alagie Yorro Jallow publishes a book on the Gambian media
Dear All,
(The boom in Gambian Studies continues)
Alagie Yorro Jallow, co-founder and former managing editor of the banned Independent newspaper in The Gambia, has just published a highly recommended book on the Gambian Media, which willbe officially released (available for sale) on 26th October 2013. The book cover, meanwhile, is attached here, for your information; and the price of the paperback edition is £19 dollars per copy.Appropriately titled Delayed Democracy: How the Press Collapsed in The Gambia, the book has 250 pages and is by published by Author House, USA (www.authorhouse.com)
The study is scholarly, extremely well-researched, theoretically sound and clearly structured, with endnotes, bibliographic references and acknowledgements.And although it is a scholarly text, it is, all the same, easy to read and written with clarity. It is a very compelling and well-written account of how the Yahya Jammeh regime has, since 1994, continuously targeted freedom of expression and opinion in The Gambia,and passed draconian laws that have been used to stifle journalists, human rights defenders and government critics.
The book analyses the effect of President Yahya Jammeh’s takeover of the Gambia from a historical, political, and socio-economic context. It offers a useful and comprehensive contribution to the legal and political debate about freedomof expression—or more accurately stated, the lack thereof—in The Gambia. The study also proposesa theoretical framework specifically applicable to The Gambia, because theauthor maintains that the relationship betweenThe Gambia and the media is in some ways unique. But there is a good balance between the theoretical material and empirical evidence, and this makes the study particularly refreshing. This is, by far, the best, most up-to-date, study available today on the state of the Gambian media since 1994.It certainly fills (or closes) a major gap in the literature on mass communication and the press in Africa generally.
At the end of the book, the author offers useful suggestions for reforming the media in The Gambia. The author indicates that, above all else, lasting change in TheGambia can likely only be successful if the political climate in The Gambia shifts rather dramatically, or if the Jammeh regime shows signs of sensitivity to international political pressure. The author urges thegovernment to repeal laws that inhibit freedom of expression, and ensure thatboth law and practice are in line with the standards enshrined in the human rights treaties to which theGambia is aparty to.
Alagie Yorro Jallow has written an excellent and relevant study that provides a well-documented insight into the deteriorating freedom of expression in The Gambia, as well as offer some helpful/useful suggestions for effecting changes that could bring about improved human rights in the Gambia. The study will also prove a valuable source of reference for students,researchers and policymakers.
The author, Alagi Yorro Jallow, is currently a lecturer in Media Studies and Communications atthe Department of General Management, Martin de Tours School of Management and Economics, at the Assumption University in Bangkok, Thailand.
Regards,
Ebrima
PS: See the table of contents
Contents
Dedication .......................................................................................... vii
Acknowledgments ................................................................................ ix
Abstract ................................................................................................ xi
Preface ..................................................................................................xv
Foreword .............................................................................................xix
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Brief History of The Gambia ................................................................. 5
A Sketch of Politics in The Gambia ....................................................... 8
The Fourth Estate ............................................................................... 10
The Role of Journalists ........................................................................ 12
The Concept of Press Freedom ............................................................ 13
Overview of the African Press .............................................................. 17
Early Development of the Press in The Gambia .................................. 20
Pre-Independence Newspapers: 1883-1965 ......................................... 21
The Various Pre-Independence Newspapers .................................. 22
Other Publications ........................................................................ 26
Circulation Information ................................................................ 26
Post-Independence Newspapers: 1965-2013 ....................................... 26
Policies Governing the Establishment of Newspapers in The Gambia ....... 27
Broadcasting in The Gambia ............................................................... 29
Radio Broadcasting in The Gambia ............................................... 29
Telegraph Station Act, 1913 .......................................................... 31
Brief Overview of Current Media Outlets ........................................... 33
The Gambian Constitutions and Press Freedom .................................. 34
National Media Commission Act ........................................................ 42
Lawsuit against the National Media Commission Act ................... 44
Defendants’ Response ................................................................... 50
Initial Supreme Court’s Rulings .................................................... 55
Reaction to the Supreme Court’s Rulings ...................................... 57
Additional Acts Suppressing the Media................................................ 58
The Press under the “Civilian Government”: 1997-2013 .................... 60
Further Actions against Members of the Press ...................................... 67
Libel ............................................................................................. 67
Sedition ........................................................................................ 68
Censorship .................................................................................... 68
The Impact of Press Freedom on Processes of Democratization ........... 70
Theoretical Framework of Limits on Press Freedom ...................... 71
Techniques of Suppression: Subverting Freedom of Expression ...........................72
Theoretical Framework on Press Freedom and Government Relations ............................73
Hegemony as a Model of the Press-Government Relationship .................................... 75
Hegemonic Elements in Yahya Jammeh ........................................ 77
E-Democracy: Using Information and Communication Technologies in the Democratic Processes ....................... 86
The Status of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in The Gambia Today .................................... 87
Suggested Objectives of the Media ...................................................... 89
General Objectives ........................................................................ 89
Specific Objectives ........................................................................ 90
Challenges in the Media Sector ..................................................... 91
Recommended Reform to Media in The Gambia .......................... 91
The Internet and Political Repression ............................................ 93
Conclusion .......................................................................................
Bibliography………………………………………………………..
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