* Today in Black History - November 14 *
1900 - In Washington, DC, a small group meets to form the
Washington Society of Colored Dentists. It is the
first society of African American dentists in the
United States.
1905 - John Henry Barbee is born in Henning, Tennessee. He will
become a blues singer and guitarist. He will tour in the
1930s throughout the American South, singing and playing
slide guitar. He will team up with Big Joe Williams and,
later, with Sunnyland Slim in Memphis, Tennessee.
Travelling down to Mississippi, he will meet Sonny Boy
Williamson and play with him off and on for several years.
He will release two sides for Vocalion Records in 1939
("Six Weeks Old Blues" and "God Knows I Can't Help It").
The record will sell well enough to cause Vocalion to
call on him again, but by that time he had left his last
known whereabouts in Arkansas. He will explain that this
sudden move was due to his evading the law for shooting
and killing his girlfriend's lover. He will later find
out that he had only injured the man, but by the time
this was discovered, he will be no longer making a
career playing music. He will not show up again in the
music industry until the early 1960s, when a revival of
interest in the blues will be at its height. Willie
Dixon will search for him and will find him working as
an ice-cream server in Chicago, Illinois. In 1964, he
will join the American Folk Blues Festival on a European
tour with other blues players, including Lightnin'
Hopkins and Howlin' Wolf. He will return to the United
States and use the money from the tour to purchase his
first automobile. Ten days after buying the car, he
will accidentally run over and kill a man. He will be
taken to a Chicago jail and will join the ancestors
there of a heart attack a few days later, on November 3,
1964, 11 days before his 59th birthday.
1915 - Booker T. Washington, educator, orator, and founder of
Tuskegee Institute, joins the ancestors on the
college's campus at the age of 59. He was one the
most famous African American educators and leaders of
the 19th century, whose message of acquiring practical
skills and emphasizing self-help over political rights
was popular among whites and segments of the African
American community. His 1901 autobiography, "Up From
Slavery", which details his rise to success despite
numerous obstacles, became a best-seller and further
enhanced his public image as a self-made man. As
popular as he was in some quarters, Washington was
aggressively opposed by critics such as W.E.B. Du Bois
and William Monroe Trotter.
1920 - The New York Times and Tribune call Charles Gilpin's
portrayal of Brutus Jones in "The Emperor Jones", a
performance of heroic stature. Gilpin had premiered in
the play earlier in the month with the New York-based
Provincetown Players, which will influence his being
named one of the ten most important contributors to the
American theater of 1920 and the 1921 recipient of the
NAACP's Spingarn Medal.
1934 - Ellis Marsalis is born in New Orleans, Louisiana. After
high school, Marsalis will enroll at Dillard University
(New Orleans) and graduate with a Bachelor of Arts
degree in music education. Marsalis will eventually
become New Orleans' leading Jazz educator. He will
become a lecturer at Xavier University and an adjunct
teacher at Loyola University. Marsalis will enroll in
the graduate program at Loyola University and will
graduate with a Masters of Music Education. Marsalis'
teaching career will flower at the New Orleans Center
for Creative Arts (NOCCA). Many of his former students
will be professional musicians locally as well as
internationally. Three of his six sons, Branford,
Wynton and Delfeayo as well as trumpeter Terence
Blanchard, saxophonist Donald Harrison and pianist
Harry Connick, Jr. will attain worldwide acclaim with
recording contracts on major labels.
1934 - William Levi Dawson's Symphony No. 1, Negro Folk Symphony,
is the first symphony on black folk themes by an African
American composer to be performed by a major orchestra.
1954 - Condoleezza Rice is born in Birmingham, Alabama. She will
become a political scientist and diplomat. She will serve
as the 66th United States Secretary of State, the second
person to hold that office in the administration of
President George W. Bush. She will be the first female
African American Secretary of State, as well as the
second African American Secretary of State (after Colin
Powell), and the second female Secretary of State (after
Madeleine Albright). She will be President Bush's
National Security Advisor during his first term, making
her the first woman to serve in that position. She will
obtain her bachelor's degree from the University of
Denver and her master's degree in political science from
the University of Notre Dame. In 1981, she will receive
a PhD from the School of International Studies at the
University of Denver. She will work at the State
Department under the Carter administration and pursue an
academic fellowship at Stanford University, where she
will later serve as provost from 1993 to 1999. She will
serve on the National Security Council as the Soviet and
Eastern Europe Affairs Advisor to President George H. W.
Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and
German reunification from 1989 to 1991. On December 17,
2000, she will leave her position and join the Bush
administration as National Security Advisor. In Bush's
second term, she will become Secretary of State.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, she will
pioneer the policy of Transformational Diplomacy directed
toward expanding the number of responsible democratic
governments in the world and especially in the Greater
Middle East. That policy will face challenges as Hamas
captures a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and
influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt
maintain authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While
in the position, she will chair the Millennium Challenge
Corporation's board of directors. In March 2009, she will
return to Stanford University as a political science
professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior
Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution. In
September 2010, she will become a faculty member of the
Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its
Global Center for Business and the Economy. She will be on
the Board of Directors of Dropbox and Makena Capital
Management, LLC.
1959 - Bryan A. Stevenson is born in Milton, Delaware. He will
become a lawyer, social justice activist, founder/
executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative, and
a clinical professor at New York University School of
Law. Based in Montgomery, Alabama, he will challenge
bias against the poor and minorities in the criminal
justice system, especially children. He will help
achieve United States Supreme Court decisions that
prohibit sentencing children under 18 to death or to
life imprisonment without parole. He will assist in
cases that will save dozens of prisoners from the
death penalty, advocate for poor people, and develop
community-based reform litigation aimed at improving
the administration of criminal justice. He will
initiate the National Memorial for Peace and Justice
in Montgomery, which will honor the names of each of
the over 4,000 African Americans lynched in the
twelve states of the South from 1877 to 1950. He will
argue that the history of slavery and lynchings has
influenced the subsequent high rate of death sentences
in the South, where it has been disproportionately
applied to minorities. A related museum, The Legacy
Museum: From Enslavement to Mass Incarceration, will
offer interpretations to show the connection between
the post-Reconstruction period of lynchings to the
high rate of executions and incarceration of people
of color in the United States. In November 2018,
he will receive the Benjamin Franklin Award from the
American Philosophical Society as a "Drum major for
justice and mercy". This is the most prestigious
award the society gives for distinguished public
service.
1960 - Four African American girls are escorted by U.S. Marshals
and parents to two New Orleans schools being
desegregated.
1964 - Joseph Ward Simmons is born in Queens, New York. He will
become a musician, rapper and actor, better known by the
stage name Run, Rev. Run or DJ Run. He will be one of the
founding members of the influential hip hop group
Run–D.M.C. He will also be a practicing minister, known
as Reverend Run. Before Run–D.M.C., he will be the lead
vocalist in the hip-hop group named "The Force." He will
found Run-D.M.C. as a lead vocalist along with friend
Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels and the late DJ Jason
"Jam-Master Jay" Mizell. He will begin using the stage
name of "Rev. Run" after he is ordained as a Pentecostal
minister by E. Bernard Jordan, his spiritual mentor.
Jordan will also name him "Protege of the Year Award" in
2004. The same day, symbolic of his "Prosperity Ministry",
there will be a "Rolls Royce parade outside the Plaza
Hotel in New York City, "featuring Jordan's Phantom Rolls
Royce. The new $325,000 Phantom will be a gift from
Reverend Run as a "thank you" for Jordan's mentoring
support. His first work as Rev. Run will be a feature in
the single "Song 4 Lovers" by UK pop band Liberty X in
September 2005. The music video for that song will be
directed by Bill Schacht for Aestheticom and will
reach broadcast airplay chart positions of No. 2 Box UK
and No. 4 MTV UK with heavy rotation on 5 other music
channels in the UK. It will be followed by his first
solo album, "Distortion." The first single from the
album, "Mind on the Road", will be featured in the EA
Sports's Madden NFL 06 video game. "Mind on the Road"
will use samples from the song "I Love Rock 'n' Roll",
in the tradition of Run–D.M.C.'s 1980s hits which use
samples like Aerosmith's hit "Walk This Way". In 2002,
he will appear on a special "Rap Stars" edition of The
Weakest Link, and will be the third one voted off. Rev
Run will appear on the MTV series Run's House, a
reality show revolving around his everyday life with
his family, from 2005-2009. In 2007, he will appear
with his son Diggy Simmons on My Super Sweet 16 while
attending a 16th birthday party for Diddy's son,
Quincy. Diddy is also the producer of Run's House. He
will find new popularity in 2005 with his family's MTV
reality show Run's House.
1966 - Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) defeats Cleveland
Williams by TKO in the third round in front of Boxing's
largest indoor crowd, assembled in the Houston Astrodome.
He retains his world heavyweight title.
2016 - Gwen Ifill, longtime award-winning journalist and newscaster,
joins the ancestors at the age of 61, after succumbing to
endometrial cancer.
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