* Today in Black History - November 10 *
1879 - Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo is born in San Rafael
de el Yuma, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic. She will
become the first female medical school graduate in the
Dominican Republic. Her parents will join the ancestors
when she is a child and her paternal grandmother will
take charge of her. In addition to her medical work, she
will also become an author and publish her first book
"Granos de polen" in 1915, and subsequently publish some
poems and articles in the magazine "Fémina." On her return
from the French capital, she will publish a second book,
entitled "Le Guerisseur: Cuento Chino Bíblico Filosófico
de Moral Social." Her biographer Antonio Zaglul will also
indicate that she prepares the manuscript of a novel titled
"Selene" in honor of her adoptive daughter, but will
destroy it in a fit of anger. Zaglul will also state that
she will be seized for her opposition to the regime of
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo and her strong criticism of the
government, and that she will be held in a fortress in San
Pedro de Macoris and tortured. She will be later abandoned
on a road near the town of Hato Mayor. She will join the
ancestors on January 11, 1947, after several days of agony.
1891 - Granville T. Woods obtains a patent for the electric
railway.
1898 - The Wilmington coup d'état of 1898, also known as the
Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington race riot
of 1898, begins in Wilmington, North Carolina and will
continue for several days. It will be considered a
turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina
politics. The event will be credited as ushering in an
era of severe racial segregation and disenfranchisement
of African Americans throughout the Southeastern United
States. Laura Edwards will write in "Democracy Betrayed"
(2000), "What happened in Wilmington became an affirmation
of white supremacy not just in that one city, but in the
South and in the nation as a whole." Originally described
by European-Americans as a race riot, the events will
eventually be classified as a coup d'etat, as white
Democratic Party insurgents overthrew the legitimately
elected local government. A mob of nearly 2,000 men will
attack the only black newspaper in the state, and persons
and property in black neighborhoods, killing an estimated
15 to more than 60 victims. Two days after the election of
a Fusionist white mayor and biracial city council, two-
thirds of which was white, Democratic Party white
supremacists will illegally seize power and overturn the
elected government. Led by Alfred Waddell, who was defeated
in 1878 as the congressional incumbent by Daniel L. Russell
(elected governor in 1896), more than 2,000 white men will
participate in an attack on the black newspaper, "Daily
Record," burning down the building. They will run officials
and community leaders out of the city, and kill many blacks
in widespread attacks, especially destroying the Brooklyn
neighborhood. They will take photographs of each other
during the events. The Wilmington Light Infantry (WLI) and
federal Naval Reserves, ordered to quell the riot, will
become involved with the rioters instead, using rapid-fire
weapons and killing several black men in the Brooklyn
neighborhood. Both black and white residents will later
appeal for help after the coup to President William
McKinley, but his administration will not respond, as
Governor Russell does not request aid. After the riot, more
than 2,100 blacks will leave the city permanently, having to
abandon their businesses and properties, turning it from a
black-majority to a white-majority city.
1898 - The National Benefit Life Insurance Company is organized in
Washington, DC, by Samuel W. Rutherford. National Benefit will
be the largest African American insurance company for several
years.
1919 - Moise Tshombe is born near Musumba, in the then-Belgian Congo.
He will lead a secessionist movement in Katanga, the Congo's
(Zaire) richest province in 1960, following independence from
Belgium. In January 1963, UN forces will succeed in capturing
Katanga, driving him into exile in Northern Rhodesia, later to
Spain. In July 1964, he will return to the Congo to serve as
prime minister in a new Coalition government. Scarcely a year
later he will be dismissed from his position in October 1965 by
President Joseph Kasavubu. In late 1965, Prime Minister Joseph
Mobutu, who had staged a successful coup against President
Kasavubu, will bring charges of treason against him. He will
again flee the country, this time settling in Spain. In 1967, he
will be sentenced to death in absentia. On June 30, 1967, a jet
aircraft in which he was traveling will be hijacked. He will be
taken to Algeria, jailed, then placed under house arrest. He will
join the ancestors on June 29, 1969, the official cause of death
listed as "death from heart failure."
1930 - Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. is born in Louisville, Kentucky. He will
become the first African American chairman of the United States
Civil Rights Commission in 1981 (through 1988), where he will
oppose affirmative action and busing to achieve school desegregation.
He will support the Reagan social agenda and hence come into conflict
with long-established civil rights dogma. He will oppose the use of
cross-town school busing to bring about racial balance among pupils.
He will challenge the need for affirmative action policies because
he will claim that African Americans could succeed without special
consideration being written into law. Under his tenure, the
commission will be split by an internal debate over fundamental
principles of equality under the law. The commission will narrow the
description of legal and political rights at the expense of social and
economic claims. The debate will center principally between him and
Mary Frances Berry, an original appointee of President Jimmy Carter.
Democrat Morris B. Abram, also a Reagan appointee, will be vice
chairman under him. He will describe "an intellectual sea change" at
the agency with the conservative view dominant at that time. Authorized
under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the commission will be
reconstituted by a 1983 law of Congress after Reagan dismisses three
commissioners critical of his policies. He will join the ancestors on
June 5, 1988 after succumbing to a heart attack.
1933 - Emmett Ellis, Jr. is born in Homer, Louisiana. He will become a Grammy
Award-winning blues musician, composer and singer, known professionally
as Bobby Rush. His style will incorporate elements of blues, rap and funk.
He will receive recognition for his music after the release of his 22nd
album, "Rush," when he will be awarded "Best Male Soul Blues Artist" at
the Blues Music Awards. He will also receive "best acoustic artist" and
"best acoustic album" for his album "Raw." His album "Hoochie Mama" will
be nominated for a Grammy award in the blues music category in 2000. He
will be awarded 17 blues music awards in his lifetime, and in 2006 he
will be inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. In May 2015, He will cut
the ribbon for the Blues Hall of Fame, with an introduction by the
Memphis Head of Tourism. In 2013, he will be nominated for a Blues Music
Award in the 'Soul Blues Male Artist' category. In 2014, his album "Down
in Louisiana," will be Grammy-nominated for "Best Blues Album", and will
win a Blues Music Award in the 'Soul Blues Album of the Year' category,
while he will also be nominated in two other categories. Following 2014's
Grammy nomination, he will be nominated again for "Best Blues Album" in
2015 for "Decisions," with Blinddog Smokin' and featuring Rock n' Roll
Hall of Famer Dr. John. In 2015, he will win two Blues Music Awards in
the 'Soul Blues Male Artist' and 'B.B. King Entertainer of the Year'
categories. On June 6, 2015 he will be inducted into the Official Rhythm
& Blues Music Hall of Fame in Clarksdale, MS. On February 12, 2017, at
the age of 83, he will win his first Grammy Award, in the category Best
Traditional Blues Album, for "Porcupine Meat." On May 11, 2017 he will
win Blues Music Awards for Album of the Year for "Porcupine Meat" and
for Historical Album of the Year for "Chicken Heads: A 50-Year History
of Bobby Rush." These will be the eleventh and twelfth Blues Music
Awards he will be awarded by the Blues Foundation during his career.
1951 - Hosea Richardson becomes the first African American jockey to ride in
Florida.
1956 - David Adkin is born in Benton Harbor, Michigan. He will become a comedian
and actor, better known as "Sinbad." He will get his big break on
television's "Star Search" in 1984. He will appear in the television
series "Different World," and become the emcee of "Showtime at the
Apollo." His movie credits will include "Necessary Roughness," "The
Meteor Man," "Coneheads," "Sinbad-Afros and Bellbottoms," "The Frog
Prince," "The Cherokee Kid," "Jingle All The Way," "First Kid," " and
"Good Burger." He will also produce and emcee the successful "Soul
Music Festivals" that were held annually for a few years in Caribbean
countries.
1957 - Charlie Sifford becomes the first African American to win a major
professional golf tournament, by winning the Long Beach Open.
1960 - Andrew Hatcher is named associate press secretary to President John F.
Kennedy. He is the highest-ranking African American, appointed to date,
in the executive branch.
1963 - Thomas Davidson is born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi. He will become
a comedian, film and television actor. He will be noted as a member of
the sketch comedy TV show "In Living Color." He will start his career
as a stand-up comedian in 1986, when a childhood friend convinced him
to perform stand-up at The Penthouse strip club in Park View,
Washington, D.C.. He will continue performing in various comedy clubs
throughout the Washington Metropolitan region, Baltimore, and
Philadelphia. He will open concerts for Patti LaBelle, Starpoint, and
Kenny G. He will perform on a fundraising telethon for WHMM in 1987.
He will win an amateur stand-up competition at the Apollo Theater in
1987. Soon afterwards, he will move to North Hollywood, California,
where he will meet Martin Lawrence, who lives in his building. He will
perform at the Comedy Store, where Robert Townsend will hear of him
and ask him to be the warm-up comic for an HBO special. After
performing at Luther Vandross and Anita Baker shows, he will appear
on the Arsenio Hall Show.
1968 - Ida Cox, blues singer of such songs as "Wild Women Don't Have the Blues,"
joins the ancestors in Knoxville, Tennessee.
1968 - Tracy Jamel Morgan is born in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He will
become an actor, voice actor and comedian best known for his seven
seasons as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" (1996–2003) and "30 Rock"
(2006–2013). He will be nominated for an Emmy Award in 2009 for his work
on "30 Rock." He will appear in numerous films as an actor and voice actor.
He will make his screen debut playing Hustle Man on the television show
"Martin." The character will sell various items from the "hood", always
greeting people with his trademark "What's happ'n, chief?", and had a pet
dog he dressed as a rapper. In the 2003 Chris Rock film "Head of State,"
he will appear as a man watching television, often questioning why they
are not watching "Martin." He will also be a regular cast member on "Uptown
Comedy Club," a sketch-comedy show filmed in Harlem that will air for two
seasons, from 1992 to 1994. He will be on the HBO series "Snaps" in 1995.
He will appear twice on HBO's "Def Comedy Jam." He will join the cast of
the comedy series "Saturday Night Live" in 1996 (Lorne Michaels will choose
over Stephen Colbert in the final round) and will perform as a regular
until 2003. He will return to host on March 14, 2009, and reprise his roles
as Brian Fellow and Astronaut Jones. He will then make a guest appearance
on the 2011 Christmas show, hosted by Jimmy Fallon, and hosted again on
October 17, 2015. From 2006 to 2013, he will be a cast member of the
television series "30 Rock," playing the character Tracy Jordan, a
caricature of himself. His work on 30 Rock will be well-received, and he
will be nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series at
the 2009 Emmy Awards. In 2018, he will begin starring in The Last O.G.
1970 - Lamont Jody Hawkins is born in New York City, New York. He will become
a rapper and member of the hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, better known
as U-God,. He will be with the group since its inception, and will be
known for his deep voice and rhythmic flow that can alternate between
gruff and smooth.
1970 - Warren Griffin III is born in Long Beach, California. He will become a
a rapper, songwriter, record producer and DJ, known as one of the
pioneers of West Coast hip hop. He will be known by his stage name
Warren G. His career will begin in the early 1990s as part of the
California hip-hop trio 213 alongside Nate Dogg and Snoop Dogg, but he
will be best known for his work as a solo artist, most notably for his
hit single "Regulate" featuring Nate Dogg, as well as his first two
studio albums, "Take a Look Over Your Shoulder" and "Regulate...G Funk
Era," which will be certified gold and triple platinum respectively by
the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
1978 - Eve Jihan Jeffers (later Jeffers-Cooper) is born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. She will become a hip hop recording artist and actress
known as Eve. She will be the inaugural winner of the Grammy Award for
Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002, for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind",
with singer Gwen Stefani. Eve will also be the inaugural winner of the
BET Award for Best Female Hip-Hop Artist. Eve will be number 48 on VH1's
"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era" list. Eve will achieve big success
in the early 2000s with additional chart toppers "Gangsta Lovin'" and
feature "Rich Girl." As an actress, Eve will be known for her roles as
Terri Jones in the films "Barbershop," "Barbershop 2: Back in Business"
and "Barbershop: The Next Cut," as well as Shelley Williams on the UPN
television sitcom "Eve." She will also achieve success in fashion, with
her clothing line, Fetish. She will be one of the hosts of the CBS
Daytime talk show, "The Talk."
1989 - The Rhythm and Blues Foundation presents its first lifetime achievement
awards in Washington DC. Among the honorees are bluesman Charles Brown,
Ruth Brown, Percy Sledge ("When a Man Loves a Woman"), and Mary Wells
("My Guy").
2006 - Gerald Levert, the fiery singer of passionate Rhythm & Blues love songs
and the son of O'Jays singer Eddie Levert, joins the ancestors at the age
of 40, at his home in Cleveland, Ohio.
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