* Today in Black History - November 3 *
1868 - John W. Menard, of Louisiana, is elected as the African
American representative to Congress. Menard defeats a
white candidate, 5,107 to 2,833, in an election in
Louisiana's Second Congressional District to fill an
unexpired term in the Fortieth Congress.
1874 - James Theodore Holly, an African American who emigrated
to Haiti in 1861, is elected bishop of Haiti.
1883 - Race riots occur in Danville, Virginia, resulting in the
death of four African Americans.
1896 - South Carolina State College is established.
1905 - Artist Lois Mailou Jones is born in Boston, Massachusetts.
She will win her first award in 1926 and have major
exhibitions at the Harmon Foundation, the Salon des
Artistes Francais in Paris, the National Academy of
Design, and many others. Despite her long career, she
will not have a major retrospective of her work until
the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston mounts a show in her
honor in 1973. She will join the ancestors on June 9,
1998.
1907 - Joseph (Joe) H. Turner is born in Baltimore, Maryland. He
will become a jazz pianist. One of the masters of the stride
piano style associated with Harlem, New York City, he will
get his first big musical break in 1928 with his hiring by
the Benny Carter Orchestra. Another break will be his work
accompanying Adelaide Hall, sometimes alongside Art Tatum,
in the early 1930s. He will also play with Louis Armstrong.
After World War II, he will settle in Europe, living in
Paris from 1962. He will play at La Calavados, a nightclub
situated near the Champs Elysees until his transition from
a heart attack when he joins the ancestors on July 21, 1990
at the age of 82.
1920 - "Emperor Jones" opens at the Provincetown Theater with
Charles Gilpin in the title role.
1920 - Kathleen Jean Mary Ruska (formerly Kath Walker) is born in
Minjerribah, Queensland, Australia. She was an Australian
Aboriginal political activist, artist and educator who later
would adopt a native Aboriginal name for herself, Oodgeroo
Noonuccal. She will also be a campaigner for Aboriginal
rights. Oodgeroo will be best known for her poetry, and will
be the first Aboriginal Australian to publish a book of verse.
She will join the Australian Women’s Army Service in 1942,
after her two brothers are captured by the Japanese at the
fall of Singapore. Serving as a signaller in Brisbane she
will meet many black American soldiers, as well as European
Australians. These contacts will help to lay the foundations
for her later advocacy of Aboriginal rights. During the 1960s,
she will emerge as a prominent political activist and writer.
She will be Queensland state secretary of the Federal Council
for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders
(FCAATSI), and will be involved in a number of other political
organisations. She will be a key figure in the campaign for
the reform of the Australian constitution to allow Aboriginal
people full citizenship, lobbying Prime Minister Robert Menzies
in 1965, and his successor Harold Holt in 1966. At one
deputation in 1963, she will teach Robert Menzies a lesson in
the realities of Aboriginal life. After the Prime Minister
offers the deputation an alcoholic drink, he will be startled
to learn from her that in Queensland he could be jailed for
this. She will write many books, beginning with "We Are Going"
(1964), the first book to be published by an Aboriginal woman.
It will be in 1988 that she will adopt a traditional name:
"Oodgeroo (meaning "paperbark tree") Noonuccal" (her tribe's
name). Oodgeroo will win several literary awards, including
the Mary Gilmore Medal (1970), the Jessie Litchfield Award
(1975), and the Fellowship of Australian Writers' Award. In
1979, she will be awarded the Sixth Annual Oscar at the
Micheaux Awards Ceremony, hosted by the U.S. Black Filmmakers
Hall of Fame and in the same year will receive the International
Acting Award for the film "Shadow Sisters." She will be
appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1970,
but will return it in 1987 in protest at the Australian
Bicentenary celebrations in order to make a political statement
about the condition of her people. In 1991, the commemorative
plaque with her name on it will be one of the first installed on
Sydney Writers Walk and in 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations,
she will be announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for
her role as an "Influential Artist". She will join the ancestors
on September 16, 1993. In 2016, the Queensland Poetry Festival
will introduce an indigenous program which includes the inaugural
Oodgeroo Noonuccal Indigenous Poetry Prize.
1933 - Louis Wade Sullivan is born in Atlanta, Georgia. He will
become the founder and first dean of the Morehouse
School of Medicine. He will later be appointed to the
office of Secretary of Health and Human Services, the
highest-ranking African American in the George Herbert
Bush Administration.
1942 - William L. Dawson is elected to Congress from Chicago.
1942 - Black and white advocates of direct, nonviolent action
organized the Congress of Racial Equality in Chicago.
Three CORE members stage a sit-in at Stoner's Restaurant
in Chicago's Loop.
1942 - The Spingarn Medal is presented to Asa Philip Randolph
"for organizing the Sleeping Car Porters under the
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and securing
recognition for them; and because of his fearless,
determined mobilization of mass opinion that resulted
in... Executive Order No. 8802, which banned racial
discrimination in defense industries and government work."
1944 - Melvin Farr is born in Beamont, Texas. He will become a football
player and businessman. He will play college football as a
halfback on the 1965 and 1966 UCLA Bruins football teams that
were ranked No. 4 and No. 5 respectively in the final AP Polls.
He will be selected as a consensus first-team All-American in
1966, gain over 1,000 yards from scrimmage in both 1965 and
1966, and will be inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of
Fame in 1988. He will be drafted by the Detroit Lions in the
first round, seventh overall pick, of the 1967 NFL Draft and
will play seven years as a running back for the Lions. He will
lead the Lions in both rushing and receiving in 1967, totaling
1,177 yards from scrimmage as a rookie, and be selected as the
NFL Rookie of the Year. He will be twice selected to play in
the Pro Bowl, in 1967 and 1970. In a career shortened by
injury, he will gain a total of 4,446 yards from scrimmage and
score 36 touchdowns during his seven years in the NFL. After
retiring from football, he will acquire a Ford Motor Company
dealership in 1975, eventually expanding his business to 11
dealerships in five states. By 1998, his automotive group will
be cited as the largest African American owned company in the
country. His business will fail in 2002 following adverse
publicity and lawsuits relating to sales and finance practices.
He will join the ancestors on August 3, 2015.
1945 - Irving C. Mollison, a Chicago Republican, is sworn in as
U.S. Customs Court judge in New York City.
1945 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is presented to Paul Robeson
"for his outstanding achievement in the theater, on the
concert stage, and in the general field of racial
welfare."
1949 - Larry Holmes is born in Cuthbert, Georgia. He will
become a professional boxer and world heavyweight
champion from 1978 to 1985. During his reign, he will
defend his title more times than any other heavyweight
in history, with the exception of Joe Louis. He will win
his first 48 professional bouts, including victories over
Norton, Ali, Earnie Shavers, Mike Weaver, Gerry Cooney,
Tim Witherspoon, Carl Williams and Marvis Frazier, and
falling one short of matching Rocky Marciano's career
record of 49–0 when he lost to Michael Spinks in 1985.
He will retire after losing a rematch to Spinks the
following year, but will make repeated comebacks. He will
be unsuccessful in three further attempts (against Mike
Tyson, Evander Holyfield and Oliver McCall) to regain the
heavyweight title, the last in 1995. He will fight for
the final time in 2002, against the 334lb Eric "Butterbean"
Esch, and end his career with a record of 69 wins and 6
losses. He will be frequently ranked as one of the greatest
heavyweights of all time and will be inducted into both the
International Boxing Hall of Fame and World Boxing Hall of
Fame.
1949 - Michael Jonas Evans is born in Salisbury, North Carolina. He will
become an actor, best known as Lionel Jefferson on both "All in
the Family" and "The Jeffersons." A college student majoring in
drama but with no acting experience, he will catch his big break
when All in the Family producer and director John Rich hires him
to play Lionel Jefferson, the son of the Bunkers' new black
neighbors. Show developer Norman Lear will prefer Cleavon Little
for the role, but Rich will lobby to cast an actor who would
appear less threatening. He will continue to play the role on
the spinoff The Jeffersons, but will leave after the first
season to pursue other aspects of his career. According to Jimmie
Walker, Evans threatened to leave if he was not given more screen
time, and Norman Lear let him out of his contract. Actor and
opera singer Damon Evans (no relation to Michael) will then take
the role of Lionel, but Mike Evans will return in the role for
the sixth through eighth seasons. He will also be one of the
creators and writers of the series "Good Times" (1974–79). He will
play Lenny in the cast of the 1976-1977 Danny Thomas situation
comedy "The Practice" during its second and final season. He will
also be a real estate investor and own properties in California's
Inland Empire. In July 1974, he will meet Helena Jefferson. They
will marry on January 10, 1976. On September 11, 2002, he will
lose his wife to breast cancer after she is diagnosed on February
24, 2001. Four years after her transition, he will join the
ancestors on December 14, 2006, succumbing to throat cancer at
the age of 57.
1955 - Jeffrey Banks is born in Washington, DC. He will become
an influential fashion designer and the youngest designer
to win the prestigious Coty Award, for his outstanding
fur designs. He will work as a design assistant to Ralph Lauren
(1971–73) and Calvin Klein (1973–76). He will claim credit for
Klein's logo garments, stating that he had the logo from a press
folder silkscreened onto the sleeve of a brown T-shirt as a
present for Klein. The gift will be assumed by Barry K. Schwartz
to be part of the upcoming line, and similar shirts will form
the uniform for the front-of-house staff at Klein's next catwalk
show, leading to the buyers asking to purchase them. After
leaving Calvin Klein, he will launch his own-name label in New
York City in 1977, according to his official website, although
some sources will state 1978. By 1996, suits, shirts, eyewear
and accessories from Jeffrey Banks Ltd. and Jeffrey Banks
International will be sold worldwide with sales of about $20
million. As an author, he will co-author three fashion books
with Doria de la Chapelle for Rizzoli, including a 2007 book on
tartan, and a 2011 book on the preppy style. The second book
will lead to Banks and de la Chapelle collaborating with Erica
Lennard on "Perry Ellis: an American original," the first in-
depth monograph on Banks's former friend and colleague, the
designer Perry Ellis, published in 2013.
1962 - Wilt Chamberlain of the NBA San Francisco Warriors, scores
72 points vs the Los Angeles Lakers.
1964 - John Conyers, Jr. is elected to the House of Representatives
from Detroit, Michigan.
1970 - Twelve African Americans are elected to the Ninety-second
Congress, including five new congressmen: Ralph H.
Metcalfe (Illinois), George Collins (Illinois), Charles
Rangel (New York), Ronald Dellums (California), and
Parren Mitchell (Maryland).
1970 - Wilson Riles is elected as the first African American
Superintendent of Public Instruction in California.
1970 - Richard Austin is elected as the first African American
secretary of state in Michigan.
1974 - Harold G. Ford is elected U.S. Congressman from Tennessee.
1978 - Dominica is granted its independence by Great Britain.
1979 - Klansmen fire on an anti-Klan rally in Greensboro, North
Carolina, and kill five persons.
1981 - Coleman Young is re-elected mayor of Detroit. Thurman L.
Milner is elected mayor of Hartford, Connecticut. James
Chase is elected mayor of Spokane, Washington.
1983 - Reverend Jesse Jackson announces his candidacy for
President of the United States. Although unsuccessful in
this and a later 1988 campaign, Jackson will win many
Democratic state primaries. His candidacy will win him
national attention and a platform for increased
representation by African Americans in the Democratic
Party.
1987 - Colin Rand Kaepernick is born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He
will become a professional football quarterback. He will
also be a political activist, best known for kneeling
during the national anthem in protest of police brutality
and racism against African Americans in the United States.
He will play college football for the University of Nevada
where he will be named the Western Athletic Conference
(WAC) Offensive Player of the Year twice and will become
the only player in NCAA Division I FBS history to amass
10,000 passing yards and 4,000 rushing yards in a career.
After graduating, he will be selected by the San Francisco
49ers in the second round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He will
begin his professional football career as a backup
quarterback to Alex Smith, and will become the 49ers'
starter in the middle of the 2012 season after Smith
suffers a concussion. He will then remain the team's
starting quarterback for the rest of the season, leading
the team to their first Super Bowl appearance since 1994.
During the 2013 season, his first full season as a starter,
he will help the 49ers reach the NFC Championship Game.
Over the next three seasons, he will lose and win back his
starting job, with the 49ers missing the playoffs for
three years consecutively. During the 49ers' third
preseason game in 2016, he will begin to sit during the
playing of the U.S. national anthem prior to games, rather
than stand as is customary, as a protest against racial
injustice and systematic oppression in the country. The
following week, and throughout the regular season, he will
begin kneeling instead of standing during the anthem. The
protests will receive highly polarized reactions, with
some praising him and his stand against racism and others
denouncing the protests as disrespectful to the armed
forces. The actions will result in a wider protest
movement, which will intensify in September 2017 after
president Donald Trump says that NFL owners should "fire"
players who protest the national anthem. Following the
season, he will opt out of his contract and become a free
agent, but will go unsigned. In November 2017, he will
file a grievance against the NFL and its owners, accusing
them of colluding to keep him out of the league. He will
withdrew the grievance in February 2019 after reaching a
confidential settlement with the NFL.
1992 - Carol Moseley Braun is the first African American woman to
be elected to the U.S. Senate.
1992 - James Clyburn is the first African American to represent
South Carolina since Reconstruction. He had previously
served for 18 years as South Carolina's Human Affairs
Commissioner.
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