* Today in Black History - January 12 *
1872 - Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first
imperial coronation in that city in over 200 years.
1879 - British troops invade Zululand from Natal, confident that they
could crush the Zulu forces armed with spears and shields.
However, the well-trained Zulu army repulses the initial
attack, killing over 1300 British troops in the Battle of
Isandlwana. But that success will exhaust the Zulu army, and
before Cetshwayo could mount a counteroffensive into Natal,
British troops from around the Empire will be rushed to
southern Africa, where their advanced weaponry will bring them
ultimate victory in the six-month Anglo-Zulu war. The British
will conclude their aggressive venture by dividing up Zululand
among thirteen pro-British chiefs, effectively destroying the
Zulu kingdom.
1890 - Mordecai Wyatt Johnson is born in Paris, Tennessee. He will
become the first African American president of Howard
University in 1926, a position he will hold for 34 years. He
will also be a recipient of the NAACP's Spingarn Medal in 1929.
He will retire in 1960, and will join the ancestors on
September 11, 1976 in Washington, DC.
1920 - James Leonard Farmer, Jr. is born in Marshall, Texas. He will
become an African American civil rights leader and activist. He
will co-found the Committee on Racial Equality in 1942 and later
change the name of the organization to the Congress of Racial
Equality. Farmer and CORE will be the architects of the
"Freedom Rides" that will lead to the desegregation of over
100 bus terminals in the South. He will become a major player
during the Civil Rights movement. He will be awarded the
Congressional Medal of Freedom in 1998 by President Bill
Clinton. He will join the ancestors on July 9, 1999 in
Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the age of 79.
1944 - Joseph William "Joe" Frazier is born in Beaufort, South Carolina.
He will become a boxer and will win the Olympic Gold Medal in
1964 in Tokyo, Japan. He will go on to win the heavyweight title
on February 16, 1970, after knocking out Jimmy Ellis in five
rounds. He will remain champion until January 22, 1973, when he
is knocked out in the second round by George Foreman. He will be
inducted into the Ring's Boxing Hall of Fame in 1980 and into the
International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. He will join the
ancestors on November 7, 2011.
1946 - George Duke is born in San Rafael, California, and will be reared
in Marin City, a working class section of Marin County. He will
become a major recording artist, heavily influenced by Miles Davis
and the soul-jazz sound of Les McCann and Cal Tjader. He and a
young singer named Al Jarreau will form a group becoming the house
band at San Francisco's Half Note Club. Over the years, George will
work with Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gordon, Frank Zappa, Cannonball
Adderley, Nancy Wilson, Joe Williams, and Dizzy Gillespie. He will
be a prolific songwriter and producer. He will join the ancestors on
August 5, 2013 after succumbing to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
1946 - Andre' De Shields is born in Baltimore, Maryland. He will become an
actor, singer, director, dancer, and choreographer. His Broadway
credits will include "Warp!," "Ain't Misbehavin'," "Play On!," "The
Full Monty," "Impressionism" and the title role in "The Wiz." He
will continue performing on Broadway, playing the role of Hermes in
the musical, "Hadestown." He will receive the Tony Award for Best
Featured Actor in a Musical for "Hadestown" on his third nomination
for that award. He will also appear on television, and win an Emmy
Award for Outstanding Special Achievement for his performance in the
1982 NBC broadcast of "Ain't Misbehavin'."
1948 - The United States Supreme Court decision (Sipuel v. Oklahoma State
Board of Regents) said a state must afford African Americans "an
opportunity to commence the study of law at a state institution at the
same time as [other] citizens."
1951 - Ezzard Charles knocks out Lee Oma in the tenth round to retain the
heavyweight boxing crown.
1952 - The University of Tennessee admits its first African American student.
1957 - The Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC) is founded.
1959 - Berry Gordy borrows $800 from a family loan fund to form Motown Records.
The record company's first releases will appear on the Tamla label.
1960 - Jacques Dominique Wilkins is born in Paris, France. He will become a NBA
forward and play the majority of his career for the Atlanta Hawks. He
will be a nine-time NBA All-Star and the winner of two NBA Slam Dunk
Contests, register 26,668 points (one of only 12 players to do so) and
7,169 rebounds in his NBA career. He will not foul out during his final
957 games, the third longest such streak (behind Moses Malone and Wilt
Chamberlain). He will be inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame on
April 3, 2004 and into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on
April 3, 2006.
1964 - Leftist rebels in Zanzibar begin their successful revolt against the
government. The revolution overthrows the Sultan of Zanzibar, 1 month after
independence.
1965 - Noted playwright Lorraine Hansberry joins the ancestors, after succumbing to
cancer in New York City at the age of 34, while her second play, "The Sign
in Sidney Brustein's Window," is playing on Broadway. Her first and most
famous work, "A Raisin in the Sun," brought her wide acclaim on Broadway,
earned her the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for best play, and became
a motion picture starring Sidney Poitier, Ruby Dee, and Claudia McNeil.
1967 - The Louisville, Kentucky draft board refuses draft exemption for boxer Muhammad
Ali.
1971 - The Congressional Black Caucus is organized.
1982 - A commemorative stamp of Ralph Bunche is issued by the U.S. Postal Service as
part of its Great Americans series.
1988 - Willie Stargell, formally of the Pittsburgh Pirates, is elected to the Baseball
Hall of Fame.
1989 - Idi Amin is expelled from Zaire.
1990 - Civil Rights activist Rev. Al Sharpton is stabbed in Brooklyn, New York, in
Bensonhurst.
1992 - A new constitution, providing for freedom to form political parties, is approved
by a referendum in Mali.
1995 - In Port-au-Prince, Haiti, an American soldier is killed and another wounded
during a shootout with a former Haitian army officer who also was killed.
1995 - Qubilah Shabazz, the daughter of Malcolm X, is arrested in Minneapolis, Minnesota
on charges that she had tried to hire a hit man to kill Nation of Islam leader
Louis Farrakhan. The charges will later be dropped.
1995 - The murder trial against O.J. Simpson, begins in Los Angeles, California.
1997 - At the 23rd People's Choice Awards, Oprah Winfrey will win the Favorite Female
TV Performer category.
1997 - Tiger Woods wins The Mercedes Championship.
2002 - Jerry Rice, playing for the Oakland Raiders, becomes the oldest player in the NFL
to date, to score in a playoff game.
2010 - A major earthquake occurs in Haiti, destroying the majority of the capital
Port-au-Prince. 230,000 Haitians will join the ancestors.
2013 - A failed attempt to rescue a French hostage in Bulo Marer, Somalia, results in 18
persons joining the ancestors.
2014 - At the 71st Golden Globes Awards, "12 Years a Slave" wins Best Drama Motion Picture.
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