* Today in Black History - November 26 *
1866 - Rust College is founded in Holly Springs, Mississippi.
1872 - Macon B. Allen is elected judge of the Lower Court of
Charleston, South Carolina. Allen, the first African
American lawyer, becomes the second African American
to hold a major judicial position and the first
African American with a major judicial position on
the municipal level.
1878 - Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor is born in Indianapolis,
Indiana. He will become an American cyclist and win the
world 1 mile (1.6 km) track cycling championship in 1899
after setting numerous world records and overcoming
racial discrimination. He will be the first African
American athlete to achieve the level of world champion
and only the second black man to win a world championship,
after Canadian boxer George Dixon. He will hold the title
of "the world's fastest bicycle racer" for 12 years. He
will join the ancestors on June 21, 1932 in Chicago,
Illinois.
1883 - Sojourner Truth, women's rights advocate, poet, and
freedom fighter, joins the ancestors in Battle Creek,
Michigan.
1890 - Savannah State College is founded in Savannah, Georgia.
1933 - Garrett Mims is born in Ashland, West Virginia. Known as Garnet
Mims, he will become a singer, influential in soul music and
rhythm and blues. He will first achieve success as the lead
singer of Garnet Mimms & The Enchanters, and will be best known
for the 1963 hit "Cry Baby", later recorded by Janis Joplin.
According to Steve Huey at AllMusic, his "pleading, gospel-
derived intensity will make him one of the earliest true soul
singers [and] his legacy will remain criminally underappreciated."
He will first record as a member of the Norfolk Four, for Savoy
Records in 1953. He will return to Philadelphia after serving in
the military and, after a spell in a doo-wop group, the Deltones,
will form another group, the Gainors, in 1958, with Sam Bell,
Willie Combo, John Jefferson, and Howard Tate. The Gainors will
record several singles over the next few years for the Red Top,
Mercury and Talley Ho labels, but will fail to have any chart
success. Mimms and Bell will leave the group in 1961, and join
with Charles Boyer and Zola Pearnell to form Garnet Mimms and the
Enchanters. The group will move from Philadelphia to New York in
1963, and begin to work with the songwriter and record producer
Bert Berns, who will sign them to the United Artists label and
team them with fellow songwriter and producer Jerry Ragovoy.
Dominic Turner will write that "the partnership between the
Enchanters on the one hand and Ragovoy and Berns on the other will
be very much an experiment in applying Mimms' gospel and deep soul
roots to the new uptown soul in vogue in New York." The new team
will have an immediate hit with "Cry Baby", written by Berns and
Ragovoy, and with uncredited vocal backing by the Gospelaires,
featuring Dionne Warwick, Dee Dee Warwick, and Estelle Brown. The
song will top the R&B chart and will go on to number4 on the
Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1963. It will sell over one million
copies, and will be awarded a gold disc. The group will follow it
up with "For Your Precious Love," a cover of Jerry Butler and the
Impressions' original, which will hit the Billboard Top 30 later
that year, as did the flip side, "Baby Don't You Weep." Another
hit recording with the Enchanters, "A Quiet Place", will become a
popular song among the Carolina beach music community. In 1964 he
will leave the Enchanters for a solo career; with Sam Bell as lead
vocalist, the group will go on to have a minor hit with "I Wanna
Thank You". He will continue to record for United Artists, and will
have several minor R&B hits over the next two years, including "One
Girl" and a cover of the Jarmels' "A Little Bit of Soap." Some of
his recordings at that time, including "It Was Easier to Hurt Her",
"As Long As I Have You", and "Looking For You", will later become
\ popular on the British Northern soul scene. Berns and Ragovoy will
produce Mimms' final Top 40 hit in 1966, "I'll Take Good Care Of
You", which will climb to #15 in the R&B chart and number 30 in the
Hot 100. he will also release three albums on United Artists, As
Long As I Have You (1964), I'll Take Good Care Of You and Warm and
Soulful (both 1966). He will move to the UA subsidiary label Veep
in 1966, releasing several singles including "My Baby", later
recorded by Janis Joplin and will make the live setlist of the last
edition of The Yardbirds and early Led Zeppelin, and the following
year toured in the UK with Jimi Hendrix. An album, Garnet Mimms Live,
will be recorded with Scottish band the Senate (who featured drummer
Robbie McIntosh, later of the Average White Band), and will be
released in the UK in 1967. He will continue to work with Ragovoy,
and in 1968 will start recording for Verve Records. In 1968–69, Led
Zeppelin will perform an extended version of Mimms' "As Long As I
Have You" on their UK and US tours. Mimms' final recordings for
several years will be issued on the GSF label in 1972. In the late
1970s, he will release a few funk songs under the name Garnet Mimms
and the Truckin' Company. He will have his only hit in the UK at
this time, when "What It Is", produced by Randy Muller of Brass
Construction, will reache number 44 for one week on the UK Singles
Chart in June 1977. He will give up his music career shortly
afterwards. He will become a born-again Christian, and in the 1980s
will find his calling ministering to lost souls as part of the New
Jerusalem Prison Ministry. He will later establish the Bottom Line
Revival Ministries, again ministering to prisoners. In 2007 he will
return to recording, and a year later will release a new gospel
album Is Anybody Out There? on the Evidence label, produced and
(primarily) written by Jon Tiven. He will be given a Pioneer Award
in 1999 by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.
1939 - Annie Mae Bullock is born in Nutbush, Tennessee. She
will meet Ike Turner in the early 1950's at a St.
Louis, Missouri club. Soon after, she will begin
singing with his band on occasional engagements and be
better known as Tina Turner. In 1959, they will form
the Ike and Tina Turner Revue. After separating from
Ike and the band, she will build an even more successful
career on her own. After her divorce from Ike Turner,
she will rebuild her career through live performances.
In the early 1980s, she will launch a comeback with
another string of hits, starting in 1983 with the single
"Let's Stay Together" followed by the 1984 release of her
fifth solo album "Private Dancer" which will become a
worldwide success. "What's Love Got to Do with It", the
most successful single from the album, will later be used
as the title of a loosely-based biographical film adapted
from her autobiography. In addition to her musical career,
she will also experience success in films, including a
role in the 1975 rock musical "Tommy" and a starring role
in the 1985 Mel Gibson blockbuster film "Mad Max Beyond
Thunderdome," as well as a cameo role in the 1993 film
"Last Action Hero. One of the world's most popular
entertainers, she will also be referred to as "The Queen
of Rock 'n' Roll." She will be termed the most successful
female rock artist, winning eight Grammy Awards and
selling more concert tickets than any other solo performer
in history. Her combined album and single sales will total
approximately 200 million copies worldwide. She will be
noted for her energetic stage presence, powerful vocals,
and career longevity. In 2008, she will return from semi-
retirement to embark on her "Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour."
Her tour will become one of the highest selling ticketed
shows of 2008�2009. Rolling Stone magazine will rank her
no. 63 on their 100 greatest artists of all time. In 1991,
she will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
1968 - O.J. Simpson is named Heisman Trophy winner for 1968.
A running back for the University of Southern California,
Simpson amassed a total of 3,187 yards in 18 games and
scored 33 touchdowns in two seasons. He will play
professional football with the Buffalo Bills and the San
Francisco 49ers and be equally well known as a sportscaster
and actor.
1970 - Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. the first African American
general in the U.S. military, joins the ancestors at
the age of 93 in Chicago, Illinois.
1970 - Charles Gordone is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his
play, "No Place To Be Somebody."
1970 - Painter, Jacob Lawrence is awarded the Spingarn Medal
"in tribute to the compelling power of his work which
has opened to the world...a window on the Negro's
condition in the United States" and "in salute to his
unswerving commitment" to the Black struggle.
1986 - Benjamin Sherman 'Scatman' Crothers, actor, who is best
known for his role as "Louie" on TV's "Chico & the Man",
joins the ancestors at the age of 76, after succumbing to
pneumonia. The pneumonia was a complication of lung and
esophageal cancer.
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