* Today in Black History - October 23 *
1775 - The Continental Congress approves resolution prohibiting
the enlistment of African Americans in the Army.
1783 - Virginia emancipates slaves who fought for independence
during the Revolutionary War.
1790 - A major slave revolt occurs in Haiti, which is later
suppressed.
1847 - William Leidesdorff brings his ship Sitka from Sitka,
Alaska, to San Francisco, California. Earlier in the
year, the Danish West Indies Native had launched the
first steamboat ever to sail in San Francisco Bay. The
ventures were one of many activities for Leidesdorff,
which will include an appointment as United States
vice-counsel for property acquisition in San Francisco.
1886 - Wiley Jones operates the first streetcar system in Pine
Bluff, Arkansas.
1911 - Three organizations, The Committee for Improving the
Industrial Conditions of Negroes in New York, The
Committee on Urban Conditions and The National League
for the Protection of Colored Women merge, under the
leadership of Dr. George E. Hayne and Eugene Kinckle
Jones, to form the National Urban League. Eugene
Kinckle Jones is named executive secretary.
1940 - Edson Arantes do Nascimento is born in a small village
in Brasil called Três Corações, in the Brasilian state
of Minas Gerais. He will become a soccer player and at
the age of sixteen will join the Brasilian National
team. He will be known world-wide as Pelé, seen as the
greatest player in history of soccer. After retiring
from his team, the Santos, he will be recruited to play
for the New York Cosmos in 1971, playing an additional
three years. He will score 1,281 goals (1363 games) in
his career. He will win three FIFA World Cups: 1958,
1962 and 1970, the only player ever to do so; and is the
all-time leading goalscorer for Brasil with 77 goals in
91 games. He will retire in 1977, becoming a worldwide
ambassador for football and undertaking various acting
roles and commercial ventures. In 2010, he will be named
the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.
1945 - Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers signs Jackie Robinson
to the club's Triple A farm team, the Montreal Royals. In
a little under 18 months, Robinson will be called up to
the majors, the first African American to play major league
baseball in the twentieth century.
1947 - The NAACP petition on racism and racial injustice, "An Appeal
to the World," is presented to the United Nations at Lake
Success, New York.
1951 - The NAACP pickets the Stork Club in support of Josephine
Baker, who had been refused admission to the club a week
earlier. After a city-convened special committee calls
Baker's charges unfounded, Thurgood Marshall will call the
findings a "complete and shameless whitewash of the long-
established and well-known discriminatory policies of the
Stork Club."
1956 - Dianne Reeves is born in Detroit, Michigan. She will become a
jazz singer. She will be a member of her high school band,
and while performing at a convention in Chicago will be
noticed by trumpeter Clark Terry, who will invite her to
sing with him. "He had these amazing all-star bands, but I
had no idea who they all were! The thing I loved about it
was the way they interacted with each other - the kind of
intimate exchange that I wasn't part of. For a young
singer, it was fertile soil." She will study classical
voice at the University of Colorado. She will move to Los
Angeles, where she will sing and record with Stanley
Turrentine, Lenny White, and Billy Childs. She will become
a member of the band Caldera, then found the band Night
Flight with Billy Childs, with whom she would collaborate
again in the 1990s. She will move to New York City and
from 1983 to 1986 will tour with Harry Belafonte. She will
sign with Blue Note in 1987 and that year her eponymous
album, featuring featuring Herbie Hancock, Freddie Hubbard,
and Tony Williams, will be nominated for a Grammy Award.She
will go on to win five Grammy Awards. She will perform at
the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt
Lake City. In 2005, she will appear in the film Good Night,
And Good Luck singing 1950s standards (including "How High
the Moon", "I've Got My Eyes on You", "Too Close for
Comfort", "Straighten Up and Fly Right" and "One for My
Baby"). In 2006 the soundtrack will win the Grammy Award
for Best Jazz Vocal Album.
1966 - "Supremes" Album Tops U.S. Charts. The record "Supremes A Go
Go" becomes the top-selling LP album in the U.S. It is the
first album by an all-female group to reach that position.
One of the most successful groups of its kind, the Supremes,
fronted by Diana Ross, will have seven albums reach the top
10 during the 1960s.
1966 - David Thomas is born in Brooklyn, New York. He will become a
gospel music singer and a member of the award-winning gospel
performing group Take 6. While there have been several name
changes and a few roster changes since its inception at
Oakwood College in Huntsville, AL, in 1980, Take 6 will have
already spent 8 years earning its shot at a national
distribution deal and a recording contract with Reprise
Records, a division of Warner Brothers. The first CD will
strike a major chord across several musical genres, and Take
6 will walk away with 1988 Grammy Awards for Best Jazz Vocal
Performance, Duo or Group (for “Spread Love”) and Best Soul
Gospel Performance By a Duo or Group, Choir or Chorus (for
“Take 6”). Since then, Take 6 will pick up 8 more Grammy
Awards, 10 Dove Awards, one Soul Train Award, and receive
two NAACP Image Award nominations. In fact, with a total of
18 Grammy Award nominations, Take 6 will be the most
nominated Gospel, Jazz, Pop or R&B group in Grammy history.
He will also work as a producer/arranger for the Backstreet
Boys. He will also co-write (with Les Pierce) the theme to
America's Next Top Model.
1968 - Kip Keino of Kenya wins an Olympic Gold Medal for the 1,500
meter run (3 min 34.9 sec).
1969 - Perry Lee "Tiny" Tavares is born in Providence, Rhode Island.
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