*		Today in Black History - October 27           *

1891 - Charles H. Garvin is born in Jacksonville, Florida. During
	World War I, he will become the first black physician 
	commissioned in the U.S. Army, serving in France as 
	commanding officer in the 92nd Division. His interest in 
	medicine will extend beyond his practice to research and 
	writing, especially tracing the history of Africans and 
	African Americans in medicine. He will amass an important 
	collection of books on the black experience and will also 
	complete a manuscript (unpublished as of 1994) and write 
	several articles on the subject. His account of the history 
	of blacks in medicine in Cleveland will be published in 
	1939 in the "Women''s Voice," a national women''s magazine. 
	He will be a founder of the Dunbar Life Insurance Co. and 
	help organize Quincy Savings & Loan, serving as a director 
	and board chairman. He will also pioneer integrated housing 
	during a period of intense racial separation in the city, 
	living in the home he built on Wade Park Avenue, an 
	exclusive allotment, despite threats of violence and two 
	bombings. He will be a trustee of Karamu House, the Urban 
	League of Greater Cleveland, the Cleveland branch of the 
	NAACP, and the Cleveland Public Library. He will also serve 
	as the 4th General President of the Alpha Phi Alpha 
	fraternity from 1912-1914. He will practice medicine in 
	Cleveland, Ohio from 1916 until he joins the ancestors on 
	July 17, 1968.
	
1891 - Philip B. Downing, invents the street letter box and is 
	awarded patent # 462,093.

1917 - Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo is born in the village of Nkantolo 
	in Bizana; eastern Pondoland in what is now the Eastern Cape in
	South Sfrica. He will become an anti-apartheid politician and 
	revolutionary who will serve as President of the African 
	National Congress (ANC) from 1967 to 1991. In 1955, Tambo will
	become Secretary-general of the ANC after Sisulu is banned by 
	the South African government under the Suppression of Communism 
	Act. In 1958, he will become Deputy President of the ANC and in 
	1959 will be served with a five-year banning order by the 
	government. In response, he will be sent abroad by the ANC to 
	mobilise opposition to apartheid. He will settle with his 
	family in Muswell Hill, north London, where he will live until 
	1990. His exile will take a toll on him seeing his wife and 
	three children, but his wife Adelaide will support the ANC at 
	home by taking in ANC members arriving in the UK. In 1967, he 
	will become Acting President of the ANC, following the death of 
	Chief Albert Lutuli. He will attempt to keep the ANC together 
	even after he is exiled from South Africa. Due to his skillful 
	lobbying, he will be able to attract talented South African 
	exiles, one of them being Thabo Mbeki. He will return to South 
	Africa on December 13, 1990 after over 30 years in exile, after 
	having been elected National Chairperson of the ANC in July of 
	the same year. He will be able to return to South Africa 
	because of the legalization of the ANC. Because of his stroke in 
	1989, it will be harder for him to fulfill his duties as 
	President of the ANC, so in 1991, Nelson Mandela will take over 
	as president of the ANC. When stepping down as president, 
	however, the congress will create a special position for him as 
	the National Chairman. After suffering complications following a 
	stroke, he will join the ancestors on April 24, 1993 at the age 
	of 75. His transition will come 14 days after Chris Hani's 
	assassination and one year prior to the 1994 general election in 
	which Nelson Mandela will become the President of South Africa. 
	Mandela, Thabo Mbeki and Walter Sisulu will attend his funeral. 

1924 - Ruby Ann Wallace is born in Cleveland, Ohio. She will become 
	one of the foremost actresses in America, better known as
	Ruby Dee, beginning her career on Broadway in the early 
	1940's. She will marry actor Ossie Davis and have a strong 
	personal career with such notable stage roles as "A Raisin 
	in the Sun", "Purlie Victorious", and "The Taming of the 
	Shrew" as well as work in numerous television series and 
	movies including "Raisin", "Do the Right Thing", and "Jungle
	Fever." She will be married to Ossie Davis until he joins
	the ancestors in 2005. She will join the ancestors on June
	11, 2014.
  
1948 - Sherman Robertson is born in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana. He will
	become a blues guitarist, songwriter and singer. He will be
	described as "one part zydeco, one part swamp blues, one part 
	electric blues and one part classic rhythm and blues." In 
	1982, Clifton Chenier will hear Robertson's band playing at 
	the Crosstown Blues Festival. He will learn to play slide 
	guitar, and will tour for several years in the 1980s with 
	Chenier. He will contribute to his Live At The (1982) and 
	San Francisco Blues Festival (1985) albums. After Chenier's 
	death, Robertson will play with Rockin' Dopsie, appearing 
	on his Crowned Prince Of Zydeco album (1986), and Terrance 
	Simien & the Mallet Playboys, before going solo. In addition, 
	his guitar work will appear on Paul Simon's Graceland album,
	and he was on the bill at the 1994 Notodden Blues Festival.
	His I'm the Man (1994) was the first release on the Code 
	Blue label. It will be nominated for a W.C. Handy Award.
	His follow-up, Here & Now (1995), will include his cover of 
	the Tracy Nelson song "Here & Now". However, the record 
	label will fold and he will re-appear in 1998 on the 
	independent label, Audioquest, with his next offering, 
	Going Back Home. In November 2005, he will released Guitar 
	Man - Live with his new backing band, BluesMove. In 2008, 
	he and BluesMove will play at the Harvest Time Blues 
	festival in Monaghan, Ireland. In 2011, he and BluesMove 
	will appear at the Rhythm Festival in Bedfordshire, 
	England. 

1951 - Jayne Harrison (later Kennedy) is born in Washington, DC.  
	She will be crowned Miss Ohio USA in 1970, becoming the
	first African American woman to win the title. She will
	also be one of the 15 semi-finalists in the Miss USA 1970 
	pageant. In 1978, she will become one of the first women 
	to infiltrate the male-dominated world of sports announcing 
	with a role on The NFL Today. She will become an actress, 
	writer and producer. Her movie credits will include 
	"Fighting Mad," "Body and Soul," "Mysterious Island of 
	Beautiful Women," "Cover Girls," "The Muthers," and "Group 
	Marriage." She will win a 1982 NAACP Image Award for 
	Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture award for her 
	performance in the 1981's film "Body and Soul" co-starring 
	alongside her then-husband Leon Issac Kennedy. 

1954 - Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first African American 
	general in the history of the United States Air Force.  
	He is designated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  

1960 - Martin Luther King Jr. is released on bond from the 
	Georgia State Prison in Reidsville. Political observers 
	say the John F. Kennedy call for King's release increased
	the number of African American voters who ensured his 
	election.

1968 - Progress Plaza in North Philadelphia becomes the first shopping 
	center in America built, owned, and managed by African Americans. 
	A celebration in 2018 will mark the 50th Anniversary of the 
	historic North Philadelphia shopping center with origins in the 
	civil rights and black power movements.

1971 - The Republic of the Congo becomes the Republic of Zaire.

1978 - President Carter signs the Hawkins-Humphrey full 
	employment bill.

1979 - St Vincent & the Grenadines becomes independent of Great 
	Britain.

1981 - Andrew Young, former United Nations Ambassador, is elected 
	mayor of Atlanta, Georgia.

2003 - Walter Washington, ex-mayor of Washington, DC, joins the 
	ancestors at age 88. He was the first elected mayor of
	the nation's capital in modern times and the first 
	African American to head the government of a major U.S. 
	city.

2019 - Dave Chappelle is honored with the Mark Twain Prize for 
	American Humor at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
	A host of comedians and musicians will pay tribute to 
	Chappelle, 46, describing him as a uniquely gifted and 
	passionate performer with a sort of pied piper appeal that 
	drew other artists into his circle. Rapper and actor Common 
	will praise Dave Chappelle’s bravery and sociological influence.
	“He’s a beacon for a lot of different progressive thought.” `

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