* Today in Black History - November 1 *
1787 - The first free school for African Americans, the African
Free School, opens in New York City.
1866 - The first Civil Rights Act is passed over the veto of
President Andrew Johnson.
1898 - Beulah Belle Thomas is born in Plum Bayou, Jefferson County,
Arkansas. She will become a singer-songwriter better known
as Sippie Wallace. Her early career in tent shows will gain
her the billing "The Texas Nightingale". Between 1923 and
1927, she will record over 40 songs for Okeh Records, many
written by her or her brothers, George and Hersal Thomas.
Her accompanists will include Louis Armstrong, Johnny Dodds,
Sidney Bechet, King Oliver, and Clarence Williams. Among the
top female blues vocalists of her era, she will rank with Ma
Rainey, Ida Cox, Alberta Hunter, and Bessie Smith. In the
1930s, she will leave show business to become a church
organist, singer, and choir director in Detroit and will
perform secular music only sporadically until the 1960s,
when she will resume her performing career. She will be
nominated for a Grammy Award in 1982 and will be inducted
into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1993. She will
join the ancestors on November 1, 1986 at the age of 88.
1901 - Grambling State University is founded in Grambling,
Louisiana as the "Colored Industrial and Agricultural
School" under the leadership of Charles P. Adams.
1910 - The first edition of Crisis magazine is published by the
NAACP with W.E.B. Du Bois as its editor.
1915 - Margaret Taylor-Burroughs is born in St. Rose, Louisiana. She
will become a visual artist, writer, poet, educator, and arts
organizer. She will co-found the Ebony Museum of Chicago, now
the DuSable Museum of African American History. An active
member of the African American community, she will also help
to establish the South Side Community Art Center, whose
opening on May 1, 1941 will be dedicated by the First Lady of
the United States, Eleanor Roosevelt. There, at the age of 23
she will serve as the youngest member of its board of
directors. A long-time educator, she will spend most of her
career at DuSable High School. She will be a prolific writer,
with her efforts directed toward the exploration of the Black
experience and to children, especially to their appreciation
of their cultural identity and to their introduction and
growing awareness of art. She will also be credited with the
founding of Chicago's Lake Meadows Art Fair in the early 1950s.
She will join the ancestors on November 21, 2010.
1927 - Florence Mills joins the ancestors in New York City after
being hospitalized for an appendectomy at the age of 32.
She was one of the most popular entertainers of her day,
appearing in "Shuffle Along" and "From Broadway to Dixie"
as well as having successful tours in the United States
and Europe.
1936 - Zephire Andre Williams is born in Bessemer, Alabama. He will
become a Rhythm & Blues musician who will start his career
in the 1950s at Fortune Records in Detroit. His most famous
songs will include the hits "Jail Bait," "Greasy Chicken,"
"Bacon Fat" (1957) and "Cadillac Jack" (1966). He will also
be the co-author of the Rhythm & Blues hit "Shake a Tail
Feather". In 2012, he will be inducted into the Michigan
Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame. He will join the
ancestors on March 17, 2019, in Chicago, Illinois, at the
age of 82.
1940 - In the foreword to his book, "The Negro in Art", Howard
University professor Alain Locke introduces the most
extensive retrospective of African American art published
to date. The selections appearing in the book span almost
300 years and include the work of 100 black artists from
Europe and the United States including Joshua Johnston,
Edward Bannister, Henry O. Tanner, Romare Bearden, Hale
Woodruff, Palmer Hayden, Allan Crite, James A. Porter, and
James Lesesne Wells, among others.
1942 - John H. Johnson publishes the first issue of Negro Digest.
1945 - The first issue of Ebony magazine is published in Chicago,
Illinois. The second publication of John H. Johnson's
fledgling company, Ebony will be the catalyst for a
communications empire that will eventually include
magazines, book publishing, and radio.
1946 - Dr. Charles S. Johnson becomes the first African American
president of Fisk University.
1951 - Ronald "Khalis" Bell is born in Youngstown, Ohio. He will
become a saxophonist, composer, songwriter, arranger,
producer, singer, and a co-founding member of Kool & the
Gang. He will compose, and arrange, produce, and perform
some of the most popular music of all time. A self-taught
musician, Khalis' signature sound can be heard on the bands
unforgettable horn lines, bass, synthesizer and vocals. He
will write and produce many of the bands iconic songs
including "Celebration", "Cherish", "Jungle Boogie",
"Summer Madness", and "Open Sesame". The band will earn
two Grammy Awards, seven American Music Awards, 25 Top Ten
Rhythm & Blues hits, nine Top Ten Pop hits and 31 gold and
platinum albums to date.
1951 - Jet magazine is founded by John H. Johnson, publisher of
Ebony magazine.
1981 - Antigua & Barbuda gain independence from Great Britain.
1998 - John Kagwe of Kenya wins the New York City Marathon for the
second consecutive year.
1999 - Former Chicago Bears running back Walter Payton, the NFL's
all-time leading rusher, joins the ancestors after
succumbing to bile duct cancer at the age of 45.
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