Durante le ultime tertie del seculo XIX Europa
explodeva con un forte developpamento economic a
causa del Revolution Industrial, que continuava
usque le prime annos del seculo XX.

Iste progresso economic occurreva irregularmente
con alternante periodos de acceleration e depression
economic.  Il es conveniente divider iste periodo
in le prime e le secunde Revolutiones Industrial.

Le prime revolution industrial originava in Anglaterra
in le seculo XVIII con le mechanisation del industria
textile e le invention del machina de vapor, e postea
illo se extendeva al altere paises de Europa e de
America, principalmente le Statos Unite.

Con le evolution de technicas de mechanisation,
un crescente numero de productos antea facite per
artisanos nunc se faceva a melior mercato per
processos
industrial, e le artisanos qui anteriormente los
faceva se trovava sin empleo.  Illes e le population
rural tunc debeva laborar in fabricas industrial,
que apparentemente offerecia a illes un medio plus
secur de ganiar se le vita.

Durante le secunde Revolution Industrial, iste
tendentias augmentava.  Altere industrias comenciava
lor evolution, specialmente le industria chimic,
developpate principalmente per Germania.  Un altere
factor importante esseva le developpamento de nove
formas de energia.

Le uso del electricitate, que on poteva producer
solmente per accumulatores electric in le prime
parte del seculo XIX, se limitava al telegrapho.  Ma
con le invention del dynamo per Gramme in le ultime
parte del seculo XIX, on poteva usar motores electric
pro cata machina industrial, eliminante le necessitate
de complicate e inefficiente systemas de transmission
mechanic.  Le progresso del industria chimic anque
produceva meliorationes in le production del aciero e
de altere alligatos metallic.

Le construction de ferrovias anque esseva un factor
potentissime in le developpamento economic del secunde
Revolution Industrial.  In le ultime parte del seculo
XIX, le principal paises europee habeva completate
lor retes ferroviari.

Le construction de tunnels extendeva le rete
ferroviari
europee, unificante Francia, Switza, e Italia in un
sol rete.  Il anque habeva unes projectos
spectacularissime, como le completion in Russia
del ferrovia transiberian, un linea de unes 9.900
kilometros que attingeva Vladivostok in 1902.

Le application del machina de vapor e postea del
motor Diesel al propulsion de naves accelerava le
progresso del navigation maritime, que deveniva
plus secur con le invention del radiotelegraphia
de Marconi.  Durante iste periodo, 79% del tonnage
de transporte correspondeva al commercio europee
e 12% al commercio american.

Le perfection de motores de explosion faceva practic
le uso de automobiles como medio de transportation,
e con illos veniva le expansion de un nove systema
de autostratas, que faceva plus dense le rete de
transportes in le paises industrialisate.

Le invention del telephono faceva plus facile le
communication instante electric e rapidemente ampliava
retes de communication commercial e facilitava le
consolidation de interprisas commercial.

Le industria europee trovava nove consumitores in
territorios colonial annexate a Europa durante le
ultime decennios del seculo XIX.  Inter iste imperios
colonial, le plus grande esseva le Imperio Britannic.
A causa de omne iste activitates, le valor del
commercio international se duplicava in le prime
decennios del seculo XX.

Durante iste periodo, le paises europee dominava
le commercio international.  Quando le Prime Guerra
Mundial comenciava in 1914, 65% del valor total
del exportationes mundial originava in paises europee.

Ma le commercio american expandeva de 12% del total
mundial a 39%.  Iste commercio comenciava con
condimentos e altere productos del colonias europee
e de Europa mesme.  Ma quando le seculo XX comenciava,
le importation de minerales e altere materias prime
deveniva plus importante.

Durante le prime periodo del Revolution Industrial,
le paises europee exportava principalmente articulos
de consumption.  Ma postea deveniva plus importante
le exportation de machineria pro le construction
de ferrovias e de fabricas in altere paises que
se industrialisava.

(Ex "Interlingua in Interlingua", [curso], Capitulo
X <http://www.geocities.com.hkyson>))

---

During the last third of the nineteenth century,
economic development in Europe exploded because
of the Industrial Revolution, which continued up
to the first years of the twentieth century.

This economic progress occurred irregularly with
alternating periods of economic boom and bust.
It is convenient to divide this period into the
first and second industrial revolutions.

The first industrial revolution originated in England
in the eighteenth century with the mechanization
of the textile industry and the invention of the
steam engine.  Afterwards it extended outward to
other countries in Europe and America--principally
the United States.

With the evolution of techniques of mechanization,
a growing number of products formerly made by artisans
were now manufactured more cheaply by industrial
processes, and the artisans that previously made
them were without work.  Along with them, the rural
population then had to work in industrial factories,
which apparently offered them a more secure way
of earning a living.

During the second industrial revolution, these
tendencies increased.  Other industries started
evolving, especially the chemical industry,
principally
the result of efforts by the Germans.  Another
important factor was the development of new forms of
energy.

The use of electricity, which could be produced
only by batteries in the first part of the nineteenth
century, was limited to telegraphy.  But with the
invention of the dynamo by Gramme in the last part
of the nineteenth century, electric motors could
be used to power industrial machines, eliminating
the need for complicated and inefficient systems
of mechanical transmission.  Progress in the chemical
industry also produced improvements in the production
of steel and other alloys.

The construction of railroads was also a very powerful
factor in the economic development of the second
industrial revolution.  In the last part of the
nineteenth century, the principal European countries
had finished their railroad networks.

The construction of tunnels extended the European
rail network, unifying France, Switzerland, and
Italy in a single network.  There were also some
very spectacular projects, such as the completion
in Russia of the Transiberian Railway, a line about
6,140 miles long that reached Vladivostok in 1902.

Applying steam and later diesel engines to the
propulsion of ships accelerated the progress of
maritime navigation, which became more secure with
the invention of radiotelegraphy by Marconi.  During
this period, 79% and 12% of all transport tonnage
were the result of European commerce and American
commerce, respectively.

The perfection of the internal-combustion engine
made automobiles practical as a means of transport,
and with them came an explosion of a new system
of roads, making even more dense the transport network
in industrialized countries.

The invention of the telephone made instant electric
communication much easier and rapidly expanded
commercial communication networks, faciliting mergers
of commercial enterprises.

European industry found new consumers in colonial
territories annexed to Europe during the last decades
of the nineteenth century.  Among these colonial
empires, the largest was the British empire.  Because
of all these activities, the value of international
commerce doubled in the first decades of the twentieth
century.

During this period, the European countries dominated
international commerce.  When the First World War
started in 1914, 65% of the total value of world
exports originated in European countries.  But
American
commerce expanded from 12% of the world total to
39%.  This commerce started with condiments and
other products from European colonies and from Europe
itself.  But at the beginning of the twentieth
century,
the importation of minerals and other raw materials
became more prominent.

During the first period of of the Industrial
Revolution, European countries exported principally
articles for consumption.  Afterward, however,
exporting railroad and factory-construction machinery
to newly industrializing countries became more
important.

..............................

Como promover usar le Rete e su ressources
bibliographic public pro incoragiar le uso expandite
de interlingua:

Le dialogos e exercitios de mi curso de conversation
<http://conversationininterlinuga.blogspot.com> es un
ressource bibliographic public como "Interlingua
in interlingua" <http://www.geocities.com/hkyson>
e le textos in interlingua de Wikipedia.

Imitante le philosophia de Wikipedia sur le uso
de ressources bibliographic public, vos pote rediger
iste textos como vos vole, forsan combinante los
con altere simile ressources, pro publication
ubicunque in le Rete.

Un maniera excellente de apprender interlingua
vermente ben es compilar vostre proprie anthologia ex
su ressources public, scriber vostre proprie
presentation del grammatica de interlingua, e publicar
vostre effortios in le Rete pro le uso de alteres.

---

Si vos es un studente del anglese, io spera que
le textos in interlingua e anglese que io presenta
in iste sito vos adjuvara in vostre studios.  Vos
anque pote adjuvar studentes de vostre lingua native
si vos presenta simile textos bilingue in iste sito.

Vos anque pote imprimer textos in un tertie lingua,
preparar un version de illos in interlingua, e
finalmente preparar un version de illos in vostre
lingua native.

Tal presentationes demonstra fortemente le avantages
de interlingua como lingua ponte e presentara
ressources multo utile pro studentes del prime lingua
de tal textos trilingue e de vostre lingua native.

__________________________________
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